Chapter 9 Joints

Question 0

Joint

Answer 0

A point of contact between two bones,

Between bone and cartilage, or between bone and teeth

Question 1

Other names for Joint

Answer 1

Articulation

Arthrosis

Question 2

Structural classifications for joints

Answer 2

Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints

Question 3

Fibrous joints

Answer 3

No synovial cavity

Bones held together by dense irregular connective tissue, rich in collagen

Question 4

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 4

No synovial cavity

Bones held together by cartilage

Question 5

Synovial joints

Answer 5

Bones forming joint have a synovial cavity

United by dense irregular connective tissue of an articulate capsule, and often by accessory ligaments

Question 6

Suture

Answer 6

Fibrous joint composed of thin dense irregular connective tissue
Only in between bones of skull

Play role in shock absorption

Some are replaced by bone in adults

Question 7

Synostosis

Answer 7

A joint in which there is complete fusion of two separate bones into one

Question 8

Syndesmosis

Answer 8

Greater distance between articulating surfaces
More dense irregular connective tissue
than in a suture
The dense irregular connective tissue is arranged in a bundle (ligament) allowing the joint to permit limited movement

Question 9

Interosseous membranes

Answer 9

Substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds neighboring long bones and permits sight movement

‘Radius and ulna at forearm’
‘Tibia and fibula in the leg’

Question 10

Synchondrosis

Answer 10

Connecting material = hyaline cartilage
‘Epiphyseal growth plate’
Immovable joint

Question 11

Symphyses

Answer 11

Ends of articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage
Broad fibrocartilage disc connects the bones

*occur in midline of body

‘Pubic symphysis’

Slightly movable

(Between vertebrae)

Question 12

Autologous chondrocyte implantation

ACI

Answer 12

Alternative to knee replacement
Healthy chondrocyte cells are taken from the femoral condyle that isn’t weight bearing and they are grown in a lab for 4-5 weeks to produce 5-10 million cells, then the cells are injected under the periosteum after the dead cartilage has been removed.

*finish in about 10-12 weeks

Question 13

Articular capsule

Answer 13

Joint capsule, surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity, and unites articulating bones.

*outer fibrous membrane and inner synovial membrane

Question 14

Synovial membrane

Answer 14

Areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers

Contains adipose tissue called “articular fat pads”

Question 15

Fibrous membrane

Answer 15

Dense irregular connective tissue
Attaches to periosteum of articulating bones
Allows movement, strength prevents bone from dislocating

Question 16

Double jointed

Answer 16

Doesn’t have extra joints
Greater flexibility in their articular capsules and ligaments
Results in increase range if motion
More easily dislocated

Question 17

Synovial fluid

Answer 17

Secreted from synovial membrane
Viscous, clear, pale yellow
*hyaluronic acid, interstitial fluid
Within articular capsule

Reduce friction + absorb shock
Nutrients + remove wastes

^ movement = less viscous

Question 18

Accessory ligaments

Answer 18

Contained in synovial joints

Extracapsular
Intracapsular

Question 19

Articular discs

Menisci

Answer 19

Crescent shaped pad of fibrocartilage between articulate surfaces of bones

Question 20

Arthroscopy

Answer 20

Visualize interior of joint with a camera

Question 21

Labrum

Answer 21

Fibrocartilaginous lip that extends from edge of joint socket
Helps deepen socket for increased area

Question 22

Bursae

Answer 22

Saclike structure

In joints to alleviate friction

Question 23

Tendon sheaths

Answer 23

‘Synovial sheaths’
Tubelike bursae
Wrap around tendons