Chapter 9 Joints Flashcards
Joint
A point of contact between two bones,
Between bone and cartilage, or between bone and teeth
Other names for Joint
Articulation
Arthrosis
Structural classifications for joints
Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Fibrous joints
No synovial cavity
Bones held together by dense irregular connective tissue, rich in collagen
Cartilaginous joints
No synovial cavity
Bones held together by cartilage
Synovial joints
Bones forming joint have a synovial cavity
United by dense irregular connective tissue of an articulate capsule, and often by accessory ligaments
Suture
Fibrous joint composed of thin dense irregular connective tissue
Only in between bones of skull
Play role in shock absorption
Some are replaced by bone in adults
Synostosis
A joint in which there is complete fusion of two separate bones into one
Syndesmosis
Greater distance between articulating surfaces
More dense irregular connective tissue
than in a suture
The dense irregular connective tissue is arranged in a bundle (ligament) allowing the joint to permit limited movement
Interosseous membranes
Substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds neighboring long bones and permits sight movement
‘Radius and ulna at forearm’
‘Tibia and fibula in the leg’
Synchondrosis
Connecting material = hyaline cartilage
‘Epiphyseal growth plate’
Immovable joint
Symphyses
Ends of articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage
Broad fibrocartilage disc connects the bones
*occur in midline of body
‘Pubic symphysis’
Slightly movable
(Between vertebrae)
Autologous chondrocyte implantation
ACI
Alternative to knee replacement
Healthy chondrocyte cells are taken from the femoral condyle that isn’t weight bearing and they are grown in a lab for 4-5 weeks to produce 5-10 million cells, then the cells are injected under the periosteum after the dead cartilage has been removed.
*finish in about 10-12 weeks
Articular capsule
Joint capsule, surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity, and unites articulating bones.
*outer fibrous membrane and inner synovial membrane
Synovial membrane
Areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers
Contains adipose tissue called “articular fat pads”
Fibrous membrane
Dense irregular connective tissue
Attaches to periosteum of articulating bones
Allows movement, strength prevents bone from dislocating
Double jointed
Doesn’t have extra joints
Greater flexibility in their articular capsules and ligaments
Results in increase range if motion
More easily dislocated
Synovial fluid
Secreted from synovial membrane
Viscous, clear, pale yellow
*hyaluronic acid, interstitial fluid
Within articular capsule
Reduce friction + absorb shock
Nutrients + remove wastes
^ movement = less viscous
Accessory ligaments
Contained in synovial joints
Extracapsular
Intracapsular
Articular discs
Menisci
Crescent shaped pad of fibrocartilage between articulate surfaces of bones
Arthroscopy
Visualize interior of joint with a camera
Labrum
Fibrocartilaginous lip that extends from edge of joint socket
Helps deepen socket for increased area
Bursae
Saclike structure
In joints to alleviate friction
Tendon sheaths
‘Synovial sheaths’
Tubelike bursae
Wrap around tendons
