Unit 1 Flashcards
Epicardium
- Both secrete fluid into the pericardial cavity
- Lubricate & cushion
Superior Vena Cava:
returns upper body blood to the heart
Inferior Vena Cava:
returns lower body blood to the heart
Right Atrium:
- receives Vena Cavae blood, pumps blood to RV
- pumps blood through the Tricuspid Valve into RV
Right Ventricle:
- receives RA blood pumps blood to pulmonary trunk
- pumps blood through the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve into the Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Trunk:
receives RV blood, sends blood to the Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Arteries:
receive Pulmonary Trunk blood, send blood to the lungs
Pulmonary Veins:
receive blood from the lungs, send blood to LA
Left Atrium:
- receives blood from Pulmonary Veins, pumps blood to LV
- pumps blood through the Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve into LV
Left Ventricle:
- receives LA blood, pumps blood to the Aorta
- pumps blood through Aortic Semilunar Valve into the Aorta
Aorta:
receives LV blood, sends blood to all body cells
Coronary Arteries:
receive aortic blood, send blood to cardiac muscle
Cardiac Veins:
receive cardiac muscle blood, send blood to the Coronary Sinus
Coronary Sinus
receives Cardiac Vein blood, sends blood to RA
Chordae Tendineae:
attach valves to Papillary Muscles attach into the ventricular walls
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve:
prevents backflow of blood from LV to LA
Tricuspid Valve:
prevents backflow of blood from RV into the RA
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve:
prevents blood backflow between RV & the Pulmonary Trunk
Aortic Semilunar Valve:
prevents blood backflow between LV & the Aorta
Papillary Muscles:
attach chordae tendineae into the ventricular walls
Arteries:
- efferent vessels of the cardiovascular system
- carries blood away from the heart
Veins:
- afferent vessels
- carries blood back to the heart.
Capillaries
thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins
Arterioles
smallest arteries
Venules
smallest veins
Pulmonary Circulation
- Transports blood (low in oxygen) from RV to the lungs
- Exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide occurs between alveoli & blood in pulmonary capillaries
- Returns blood to LA
Pulmonary Circuit Summary
Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Semilunar Valve → Pulmonary Trunk → Pulmonary Arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium
Systemic Circulation
- Provides blood to all body tissues
- Supplies oxygen & other nutrients
- Removes carbon dioxide & wastes
- Arises from aorta & ends in RA
- Blood goes through the pulmonary circulation before it enters the systemic circulation
Systemic Circuit Summary
Left Atrium → Bicuspid Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Semilunar Valve → Aorta → All Body Cells → Superior & Inferior Vena Cavae → Right Atrium
Coronary Circulation
- Supplies oxygen & nutrients to myocardium of heart
- Removes carbon dioxide & wastes from myocardium
Coronary Circuit Summary
Aorta → Coronary Arteries → Cardiac Muscle → Cardiac Veins → Coronary Sinus → RA
Collateral Circulation
- Most organs receive blood from more than one arterial branch
- Arterial anastomosis - where arteries supplying the same area join together
- Arterial anastomoses provide alternative (collateral) ways for tissues to receive O2 & nutrients if one artery is blocked
- Prevents or reduces the heart area affected by a myocardial infarction (MI)
- Circle of Willis: is an anastomosis which ↓ the chance of a restriction of the supply of O2 to the brain
- Aerobic exercises promote collateral circulation (↓risk of an MI)
Hepatic Portal Circulation
- Portal: refers to veins which carry blood to organs other than the heart
- Materials absorbed into the blood in the digestive system are carried into veins which anastomose into a single hepatic portal vein which leads to the liver
- Those materials are processed before the blood continues on to the heart
Hepatic Portal Circuit Summary
Aorta → Celiac Artery → Intestines → Hepatic Portal Vein → Liver → Hepatic Vein → Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium
BE ABLE TO DRAW DIAGRAM
Tetralogy of Fallot 4 abnormalities
- Narrowing of the pulmonary semilunar valve (↓blood flow to the lungs)
- RV wall hypertrophy (thickened RV wall)
- Ventricular septal defect
- Aorta shifted to the right (removes mixed blood from both ventricles)
Lymphatic System Functions:
- Drain fluid from around cells
- Absorb lipids from the small intestine
- Circulate & filter lymph fluid
- Provide immunity & protection
Lymph
- Fluid portion of the lymphatic system
- Similar to blood plasma & interstitial fluid
Lymph Vessels
Transport lymph fluid
Lymph Nodes
- Filter microorganisms & cancer cells from the lymph
- Location of lymphocytes & monocytes
Thymus
- Programs some lymphocytes to develop into T-cells (T-lymphocytes)
- Thymus decreases in size as we age; not present in adults
Spleen
- Filters blood of worn out RBCs & bacteria
- Location for lymphocytes & monocytes
Lacteals
special lymphatic vessels absorb dietary lipids that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries
Edema
Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces (spaces between cells)
Causes of Edema:
- Hypertension (↑BP)
- Blockage of lymphatic vessel (parasite)
- ↑Pressure in veins
- Low levels of blood albumin (protein made by the liver)
- ↓Fluid returning to blood capillaries
- Inflammation (↑pore size)
- Blood clot (↑upstream pressure)
