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A&P 2 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Epicardium

A
  • Both secrete fluid into the pericardial cavity

- Lubricate & cushion

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2
Q

Superior Vena Cava:

A

returns upper body blood to the heart

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3
Q

Inferior Vena Cava:

A

returns lower body blood to the heart

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4
Q

Right Atrium:

A
  • receives Vena Cavae blood, pumps blood to RV

- pumps blood through the Tricuspid Valve into RV

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5
Q

Right Ventricle:

A
  • receives RA blood pumps blood to pulmonary trunk

- pumps blood through the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve into the Pulmonary Trunk

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6
Q

Pulmonary Trunk:

A

receives RV blood, sends blood to the Pulmonary Arteries

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7
Q

Pulmonary Arteries:

A

receive Pulmonary Trunk blood, send blood to the lungs

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8
Q

Pulmonary Veins:

A

receive blood from the lungs, send blood to LA

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9
Q

Left Atrium:

A
  • receives blood from Pulmonary Veins, pumps blood to LV

- pumps blood through the Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve into LV

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10
Q

Left Ventricle:

A
  • receives LA blood, pumps blood to the Aorta

- pumps blood through Aortic Semilunar Valve into the Aorta

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11
Q

Aorta:

A

receives LV blood, sends blood to all body cells

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12
Q

Coronary Arteries:

A

receive aortic blood, send blood to cardiac muscle

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13
Q

Cardiac Veins:

A

receive cardiac muscle blood, send blood to the Coronary Sinus

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14
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

receives Cardiac Vein blood, sends blood to RA

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15
Q

Chordae Tendineae:

A

attach valves to Papillary Muscles attach into the ventricular walls

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16
Q

Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve:

A

prevents backflow of blood from LV to LA

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17
Q

Tricuspid Valve:

A

prevents backflow of blood from RV into the RA

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18
Q

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve:

A

prevents blood backflow between RV & the Pulmonary Trunk

19
Q

Aortic Semilunar Valve:

A

prevents blood backflow between LV & the Aorta

20
Q

Papillary Muscles:

A

attach chordae tendineae into the ventricular walls

21
Q

Arteries:

A
  • efferent vessels of the cardiovascular system

- carries blood away from the heart

22
Q

Veins:

A
  • afferent vessels

- carries blood back to the heart.

23
Q

Capillaries

A

thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins

24
Q

Arterioles

A

smallest arteries

25
Q

Venules

A

smallest veins

26
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A
  • Transports blood (low in oxygen) from RV to the lungs
  • Exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide occurs between alveoli & blood in pulmonary capillaries
  • Returns blood to LA
27
Q

Pulmonary Circuit Summary

A

Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Semilunar Valve → Pulmonary Trunk → Pulmonary Arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium

28
Q

Systemic Circulation

A
  • Provides blood to all body tissues
  • Supplies oxygen & other nutrients
  • Removes carbon dioxide & wastes
  • Arises from aorta & ends in RA
  • Blood goes through the pulmonary circulation before it enters the systemic circulation
29
Q

Systemic Circuit Summary

A

Left Atrium → Bicuspid Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Semilunar Valve → Aorta → All Body Cells → Superior & Inferior Vena Cavae → Right Atrium

30
Q

Coronary Circulation

A
  • Supplies oxygen & nutrients to myocardium of heart

- Removes carbon dioxide & wastes from myocardium

31
Q

Coronary Circuit Summary

A

Aorta → Coronary Arteries → Cardiac Muscle → Cardiac Veins → Coronary Sinus → RA

32
Q

Collateral Circulation

A
  • Most organs receive blood from more than one arterial branch
  • Arterial anastomosis - where arteries supplying the same area join together
  • Arterial anastomoses provide alternative (collateral) ways for tissues to receive O2 & nutrients if one artery is blocked
  • Prevents or reduces the heart area affected by a myocardial infarction (MI)
  • Circle of Willis: is an anastomosis which ↓ the chance of a restriction of the supply of O2 to the brain
  • Aerobic exercises promote collateral circulation (↓risk of an MI)
33
Q

Hepatic Portal Circulation

A
  • Portal: refers to veins which carry blood to organs other than the heart
  • Materials absorbed into the blood in the digestive system are carried into veins which anastomose into a single hepatic portal vein which leads to the liver
  • Those materials are processed before the blood continues on to the heart
34
Q

Hepatic Portal Circuit Summary

A

Aorta → Celiac Artery → Intestines → Hepatic Portal Vein → Liver → Hepatic Vein → Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium

BE ABLE TO DRAW DIAGRAM

35
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot 4 abnormalities

A
  • Narrowing of the pulmonary semilunar valve (↓blood flow to the lungs)
  • RV wall hypertrophy (thickened RV wall)
  • Ventricular septal defect
  • Aorta shifted to the right (removes mixed blood from both ventricles)
36
Q

Lymphatic System Functions:

A
  • Drain fluid from around cells
  • Absorb lipids from the small intestine
  • Circulate & filter lymph fluid
  • Provide immunity & protection
37
Q

Lymph

A
  • Fluid portion of the lymphatic system

- Similar to blood plasma & interstitial fluid

38
Q

Lymph Vessels

A

Transport lymph fluid

39
Q

Lymph Nodes

A
  • Filter microorganisms & cancer cells from the lymph

- Location of lymphocytes & monocytes

40
Q

Thymus

A
  • Programs some lymphocytes to develop into T-cells (T-lymphocytes)
  • Thymus decreases in size as we age; not present in adults
41
Q

Spleen

A
  • Filters blood of worn out RBCs & bacteria

- Location for lymphocytes & monocytes

42
Q

Lacteals

A

special lymphatic vessels absorb dietary lipids that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries

43
Q

Edema

A

Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces (spaces between cells)

44
Q

Causes of Edema:

A
  • Hypertension (↑BP)
  • Blockage of lymphatic vessel (parasite)
  • ↑Pressure in veins
  • Low levels of blood albumin (protein made by the liver)
  • ↓Fluid returning to blood capillaries
  • Inflammation (↑pore size)
  • Blood clot (↑upstream pressure)

A&P 2 (7 decks)

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