Unit 1

Question 1

types of meaning through phonology

Answer 1

sound symbolism
prosody / suprasegmental features

Question 2

diminutives

Answer 2

/i/ = small, /o/ = big

Question 3

onomatopoeia

Answer 3

resemblance between sound and meaning, the linguistic mimicking of sounds

Question 4

phonesthesia

Answer 4

sounds remind of an action

Question 5

phonesthemes

Answer 5

association of sounds with a meaning

Question 6

types of phonological prosody

Answer 6

pitch, intonation, stress, rhythm

Question 7

types of meaning through morphology

Answer 7

bound morphemes

Question 8

derivational morphemes

Answer 8

change grammatical category and meaning

Question 9

inflectional morphemes

Answer 9

no drastic change in meaning, just add grammatical features

Question 10

types of meaning through words

Answer 10

grammatical level, identifying words

Question 11

how to identify words

Answer 11

written - unit surrounded by spaces
phonological - pauses in speech

Question 12

cohesiveness of words

Answer 12

roots appear without inflection. some roots must appear before inflection

Question 13

open word class

Answer 13

no clear limitation, more numerous, less frequent, longer. eg nouns, verbs, adjectives

Question 14

closed word class

Answer 14

behave like morphemes, less numerous, more frequent, short. eg prepositions, conjunctions

Question 15

types of meaning above word level

Answer 15

phrasal verbs, compounds, idioms, collocations

Question 16

phrasal verbs

Answer 16

verbs that exist with a preposition

Question 17

compounds

Answer 17

nouns that combine to create a meaning, form compositionally

Question 18

collocations

Answer 18

words that typically appear together, one’s meaning is specified by another

Question 19

idioms

Answer 19

overall meaning of a phrase is not the literal meaning of its components

Question 20

types of meaning through syntax

Answer 20

groupings clarified by prosody, compositionality, construction grammar, categories

Question 21

groupings clarified by prosody

Answer 21

the way a phrase is produced can specify meaning by use of pauses

Question 22

compositionality

Answer 22

meaning of individual words contribute to the overall meaning

Question 23

syntactic categories

Answer 23

broad types of meaning eg count / mass nouns

Question 24

construction grammar

Answer 24

certain grammatical constructions are associated with meaning

Question 25

expression meaning

Answer 25

meaning taken out of specific context, sole reliance on linguistic features

Question 26

utterance meaning

Answer 26

meaning bound to context in which the utterance is spoken and relies on truth conditions

Question 27

communicative meaning

Answer 27

interpretation of what is meant from what is said