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Biology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Observation

A

The ability to notice things, like significant details

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2
Q

Inference

A

A guess based on knowledge or information

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3
Q

Wild Guess

A

A guess based on NO knowledge or information

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4
Q

Plasma (cell membrane)

A

Location: Surrounding the cell

Function: Gives cell shape and protection, while also moving stuff in and out of the cell

Animal: Yes
Plant: Yes

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5
Q

Ribosome

A

Location: In Endoplasmic Rectiulum

Function: Responsible for making proteins

Animal: Yes
Plant: Yes

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6
Q

Mitocondria

A

Location: Inside cell

Function: The powerhouse of the cell

Animal: Yes
Plant: Yes

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7
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Location: Inside cell

Function: Packages protein for distribution outside the cell

Animal: Yes
Plant: Yes

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8
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Location: Inside cell

Function: Transports materials like protein inside a highly folded membrane

Animal: Yes
Plant: Yes

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9
Q

Chloroplast

A

Location: All around inside the cell

Function: Site of photosynthesis

Animal: No
Plant: Yes

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10
Q

Centrioles

A

Location: Inside the Centrosome

Function: Organelles that occur in Pairs and are important for cell division

Animal: Yes
Plant: No

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11
Q

Cilia

A

Location: Outside the cell

Function: Small hairs around cell for locomotion, also sweeps along surfaces

Animal: Yes
Plant: Yes

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12
Q

Flagella

A

Location: Outside the cell

Function: Long single hair that acts like an organ for locomotion

Animal: Yes
Plant: Yes

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13
Q

Cell Wall

A

Location: Outside the cell

Function: A wall that provides shape and protection

Animal: No
Plant: Yes

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14
Q

Lysosome

A

Location: Inside cell

Function: A vesicle that contains digestive enzymes

Animal: Yes
Plant: No

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15
Q

Vacuole

A

Location: Inside the cell

Function: A membrane-bound vesicle used for temporary storage/ waste material

Animal: Yes
Plant: Yes

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16
Q

Nucleus

A

Location: Inside the cell

Function: Control centre of the cell

Animal: Yes
Plant: Yes

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17
Q

Isotonic

A

•Has the same amount of H20 going in & out of the cell

•Equal amount of concentration inside & outside of the cell

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18
Q

Hypertonic

A

•H20 comes out from cell causing lower concentration inside

•Shrinks

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19
Q

Hypotonic

A

•H20 goes into the cell causing higher concentration inside

•Expanding

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20
Q

Prokaryotic

A

•Lacks a nucleus

•No organelles

•Includes only Bacteria

•Small

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21
Q

Eukaryotic

A

•Has a nucleus

•Has organelles

•Plant & Animal cells

•Larger

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22
Q

Living organisms

A

All living organisms need energy and water in order to live, and function

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23
Q

Non-living organisms
(Viruses)

A

•Attack healthy cells within living things

•Cannot reproduce on their own

•No chromosomes

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24
Q

Living things

A

•Autotrophs (photosynthesis)
•Heterotrophs (Cellular respiration)

25
Q

Autotrophs

A

Uses energy from the sun to make sugar/food, this process is also known as Photosynthesis

26
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Cannot make their own nutrients, so they get it from cellular respiration

27
Q

Parts of the cell membrane

A

•Phospholipid
•Hydrophilic End (balls)
•Hydrophobic End (tail)
•Glycoproteins for recognition (stacked balls)

28
Q

Passive transport
(Concentration gradient)

A

Doesn’t use energy for transportation. Instead, the molecules move from high concentration to low concentration

29
Q

3 Types of Passive transport

A

•Diffusion
•Osmosis
•Facilitated Diffusion

30
Q

Diffusion

A

Particles that follow a concentration gradient

31
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water following a gradient

32
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Diffusion using a carrier protein in the plasma membrane

33
Q

Active transport

A

Uses energy for transportation against the gradient

34
Q

3 types of Active transport

A

•Ion pumps
•Exocytosis
•Endocytosis

35
Q

Average body temp

A

37°C

36
Q

Ion pumps

A

Proteins inside the cell membrane which allows passage for certain ions

Ex
•K & Na

37
Q

Exocytosis

A

•Exo = To leave
•A vesicle is moved to the cell membrane then fuses with it. It then releases the contents outside of the cell

38
Q

Endocytosis

A

•Endo = To enter
•Cell membrane folds into a pouch and pinches off to form a vesicle
•Pinocytosis = fluid
•Phagocytosis = solid

39
Q

Homeostatic systems

A

•Homeostasis
•Thermoregulation
•Osmoregulation
•Waste management

40
Q

Thermoregulation

A

The ability to maintain a constant body temperature

41
Q

Osmoregulation

A

The ability to maintain a constant water balance

42
Q

Waste management

A

body gets rid of harmful waste

43
Q

Homeostatic

A

Negative feedback mechanisms. Triggered by Nervous & hormonal mechanisms

44
Q

Homeostasis

A

Body’s ability to maintain a constant internal environment with a changing external environment

45
Q

Cell theory

A

•All living organisms are composed of cells
•Cells come from pre-existing cells
•Cells carry out life functions

46
Q

Study of Science

A

Is the study of “The world all around us “

47
Q

Physical science

A

Things that are NOT alive

Ex
•rocks
•planets

48
Q

Biological Science

A

Things that ARE alive

Ex
•Humans
•plants

49
Q

Bio means

A

Life

50
Q

Logos means

A

study

51
Q

Properties of living things

A

•use energy
•Grow
•reproduce

52
Q

Study of animals

A

Zoology

53
Q

Study of plants

A

Botany

54
Q

Study of germs

A

Microbiology

55
Q

Study of specific traits

A

Genetics

56
Q

Study of relationships between organisms and their environment

A

Ecology

57
Q

Study of physical and chemical processes in the body

A

Physiology

58
Q

Organisms need ___ in order to function?

A

Water

59
Q

Basic unit of all living organisms

A

The cell

Biology (4 decks)

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