Unit 1 Flashcards
Chapter 1, 2 and 3
The difference between growth and development
Growth is the change in size and development is the change in skills over time.
The four domains of Child Development
- Physical
- Intellectual
- Emotional
- Social
What domain of Child development is developing a sense of self and maintaing relationships with others?
Social
What state is Conception to Birth
Pre-natal
Birth to 1 month
Neo-natal
1 to 12 months
Infancy
12 to 36 months
Toddler
3 to 6 years
Preschool
6 to 12 years
School Age
What is epigenetics?
Consisents of chemicals that can turn genes on or off.
The stages of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Physical Needs, Security, Love and Accpetance, Esteem, and Self-Actualization.
What is Positive stress?
Brief increases
Example: Meeting new people
What is Tolerable stress?
Strong but does not last long
Example: Death/Illness of a loved one
What is Toxic stress?
Strong and Prolonged
Example: Family Violence
Two-year-old Jennifer became frustrated as she tried, but failed to tie her shows.
Erik Erikson
In high school, Kelly was upset because she did not see to fit in any of the social groups on campus
Piaget
As three year old Jonathan interacted with family members, his language skills improved
Vygotsky
Adams mother smiled and said “Good job!”. When he put his toy away, so he put away the rest of the toys.
B. F Skinner
Susie watched her mother bathe her baby brother, and then Susie bathed her doll.
Alberta Bandura
Personality develops in stages. Each stage includes a unique psychological crisis.
Erik Erikson
Child go through four stages of learning.
Piaget
Biological development and cultural experience influence childrens ability to learn.
Vygotsky
When a childs actions have postive results. They will be repeated. Negative results will make the actions stop.
B. F Skinner
Children learn by imitating others. Although the environment shapes behavior, behavior also affects the environment.
Alberta Bandura
What happened during the Marshmallow Experiment
Children were told that if they did not eat the marshmallow in front of them, then they would get another marshmallow. When the adult left to get the other marshmallow, a couple kids ate the marshmallow. There was a couple who would look at the marshmallow and lick it or take a piece from it. A few kids did wait the whole time and got the other marshmallow as told.
What are direct obeservations?
Direct observations are watching children in their natural environments such as a playground.
What are indirect obeservations?
Indirect observations are gathering information from other sources, such as test scores or asking caregivers.
What are the factors that influence growth and development?
Heredity (Nature): Traits passed on from parents
Environment (Nuture): Situations that surround a child.
Heredity and Environment combined
Heredity affected by Enviroment
What are the guidelines to obeserving children?
Knowing your objective and knowing what to do, having permission from others. Observing carefully and recording accurately. You also need to protect the rights of the children.
What are the four types of knowledge?
Explicit, Implicit, Scientific, Knowledge about Experts.
What knowledge is this?
Names, Colors, Math Formulas, Facts
Explicit Knowledge
What type of knowledge is riding a bike?
Implicit Knowledge
What type of knowledge is trial and error?
Scientific Knowledge
What type of knowledge is getting information from scientists?
Knowledge about Experts
Where does readiness for a teachable moment stem form?
Physical maturation such as gross and fine motor skills.
Social Pressure such as rewards and penalties
Inner pressures such as interest and rewards.
What are the three types of executive functions?
Working memory
Cognitive Flexibility
Inhibition
What is working memory?
Storing information while working
What is Cognitive Flexiblilty?
Being able to adjust to change
What is Inhibition?
Being able to filter thoughts and feelings.
What does ACEs stand for?
Adverse Childhood Experiences
What happens when a child experiences multiple ACEs?
Some poor outcomes of ACEs could be chronic health conditons, health risk behaviors, social outcomes, and mental health conditions
What if the definition of Family?
A family is a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood, or adoption.
What are three different family structure?
Nuclear Family, Single-Parent Family, Extended Family, Step-Family, Families with Adopted Children, Kin-Care.
What is the difference between an agency and independent adoptions?
An adoption agency is licensed by the state to handle adoptions, they work out the details between both parents and handle the final aspects. It can be state-funded or private. An independent adoption is when a lawyer or physician works out the details between both parents.
What is the difference between open and closed adoptions?
A closed adoption is one where the birthparents or adopting parents identity is not revealed. An open adoption is one where there can be communication between the two parents.
