Unit 1

Question 1

Intertidal Zone

Answer 1

The area between high tide and low tide

Question 2

Benthic Zone

Answer 2

Bottom layer of the lake which is home to inverts and nutrient rich sediments

Question 3

Community

Answer 3

All the living organisms in an area

Question 4

Ecosytem

Answer 4

The biotic and abiotic components of the area

Question 5

Predation

Answer 5

An animals kills and uses the other for energy source

Question 6

Albedo

Answer 6

The percent of incoming sunlight that is reflected from a surface

Question 7

Benefits of Wetlands

SRRH

Answer 7

• Stores excess water during storms which can lessen floods
• Recharges aquifers and groundwater from rainfall
• Roots of emergent plants filter out pollutants from
• Highly productive due to lots of water and the nutrients (dead organic matter in sediments)

Question 8

Biome

Answer 8

An area with similar climate conditions

Question 9

Climate

Answer 9

Average weather in a given region over two decades

Question 10

Dessication

Answer 10

Drying out; Shells and tough outer skin can prevent this for marine life during low tide

Question 11

Esturary

Answer 11

Where rivers meet with the ocean

Question 12

Ferrell Cells

Answer 12

Between hadley and pollar cells (30 to 60 N and S)

Question 13

Hadley Cells

Answer 13

Convection currents that cycle between 30 N and S. The descending cool air picks up moisture creating deserts around that region

Question 14

Individual

Answer 14

One organism

Question 15

Intertropical Convergence Zone

Answer 15

The latitude that receives the most solar radiation and is where the Hadley cells converge

Question 16

Littoral Zone

Answer 16

Shallow water with emerging plants

Question 17

Mangroves

Answer 17

Common estuary habitats in tropical climates. Their roots help stabilize shorelines and provide habitat for many species of fish

Question 18

Mesosphere

Answer 18

Temperature decreases due to thinning of the atmosphere meaning that the molecules are too far apart to absorb heat well

Question 19

Net Primary Productivity

Answer 19

The amount of energy leftover for consumers after plants have used some for respiration

Question 20

Ocean Specific Heat

Answer 20

Has a high specific heat and isn’t as pront to temp changes as land

Question 21

Open Ocean

Answer 21

Low productivity

Question 22

Oxygen levels in rivers

Answer 22

Rivers have high oxygen levels because their fast-flowing waters come into contact with air which leads to an exchange of gases

Question 23

Photic Zone

Answer 23

Area of an ocean where sunlight can reach

Question 24

Polar Cell

Answer 24

A convection current formed at 60 North and South that sinks at 90 North and South

Question 25

Population

Answer 25

A group of organisms of the same species that live in a particular geographic area

Question 26

Primary Productivity

Answer 26

the amount of plant growth in an area over a given period of time

Question 27

Profundal

Answer 27

Aphotic area of a lake that supports few organisms

Question 28

Rain Shadow Effect

Answer 28

The dry region of a mountainside that is sheltered away from the prevailing winds. Warm air picks up moisture as it travels across the ocean surface. When it reaches the windward side of the mountain, it is shunted up, cools, precipitates, before that dry air then travels down the leeward side of the mountain where it warms and picks up moisture causing that area to dry out

Question 29

Resource Partitioning

Answer 29

Animals using the same resource different ways to reduce competition. For example, different bird species using different parts of the same tree

Question 30

Salt marshes

Answer 30

They are a common estuary habitat in temperate climates

Question 31

Stratosphere

Answer 31

The temperature increases due to the formation of O3/Ozone. This layer absorbs most UV-B and UV-C radiation (linked with DNA mutation) and converts it to infrared radiation which is released as heat. Th upper stratosphere is warmer than the lower stratosphere due to the upper stratosphere absorbing most of the radiation first.

Question 32

Symbiosis

Answer 32

A close and long term interaction between organisms of different species

Question 33

Temporal Partitioning

Answer 33

Organisms use the same resource at different times to reduce competition

Question 34

Thermosphere/Ionosphere

Answer 34

The temperature rises due to UV and X-ray radiation. The atmosphere is still thin in this layer. UV radiation causes photoionization/photodissociation of molecules and creates ions

Question 35

Troposphere

Answer 35

The temperature goes down as altitude goes up, away from the Earth’s surface, as the density increases. Greenhouse gases near the tropopause.

Question 36

Water Temperature and aquatic organisms

Answer 36

Warmer water supports less aquatic organisms because it holds less dissolved oxygen

Question 37

Weather

Answer 37

Short term conditions of the atmosphere in a local area (humidity, clouds, precipitation, wind speed)

Question 38

Wetland

Answer 38

Area where the soil is saturated in water for part of the year, but the water level is still shallow enough for plants to emerge

Question 39

What does competition do?

Answer 39

It limits population growth because there are few resources and few organisms can survive off those resources

Question 40

What does distance from the equator determine?

Answer 40

Temperature and precipitation