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KIN146 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Food Choices

A
  • taste
  • habit
  • tradition
  • social interactions
  • availability
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2
Q

Nutrients

A
  • carbohydrates (macronutrient, organic)
  • fats (macronutrient, organic)
  • proteins (macronutrient, organic)
  • vitamins (micronutrient, organic)
  • minerals (micronutrient, inorganic)
  • water (inorganic)
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3
Q

Energy Yielding nutrients

A

Carbohydrates: 4kcal/g
Fat: 9kcal/g
Protein: 4kcal/g
- alcohol: 7kcal/g but not considered a nutrient bc it doesn’t help with growth or maintenance

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4
Q

Math for energy %

A

Food that contains 55g carbs, 15g protein 2g of fat
55x4= 220 + 15x4 + 2x9= 298
220/298 = 74% energy from carbs

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5
Q

Energy Density

A

high energy dense foods deliver more calories/g than low energy dense foods
- less energy dense foods are better for you

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6
Q

Essential Nutrients

A

~40 nutrients essential

  • need to be taken from foods
    ex. amino acids
  • omega 3’s & omega 6’s
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7
Q

Energy in Body

A
  • body uses energy-yielding nutrients as…
  • fuel
  • support for all body activities
  • storage for later use
    raw materials for building the body’s tissues and regulating activities.
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8
Q

Vitamins

A

essential and organic
13 vitamins
- water-soluble -> B complex and vit C
- fat soluble -> A,D,E & K

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9
Q

Minerals

A
  • inorganic
  • 16 are essential
  • do not yield energy
  • indestructible
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10
Q

Water

A
  • medium for all life’s processes
    roles include:
  • participating in metabolic reactions
  • moving nutrients
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11
Q

Dietary Reference Intakes

A
  • developed by the institute of medicine of national academics
  • guide for good nutrition and provide scientific data for food intake
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12
Q

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

A

45-65% kcals from carbs
20-35% kcals from fat
10-35% kcals from protein

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13
Q

RDA and AMDR math

A 
RDA: 130g/d x 4kcal = 520 kcals
45-65% energy intake from CHO 
- 130 recommended to 
- if 520 kcal then 45% EIN -> 1155 kcal/d
- if 520 kcal is 65% EIN -> 800kcal/d
unrealistic
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14
Q

EER Math

A 
2844kcal/d 
- CHO 45-65% kcal/d
-45% = 1280/4 kcal = 4=320g/d
- 65% =1849/4kcal = 462g/d
there is a large difference between AMDR and RDA
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15
Q

Observation and question

A

identify a problem to be solved or ask a specific question to be answered

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16
Q

Hypothesis and prediction

A

formulate a hypothesis - a tentative solution to the problem or answer to the question - and make a prediction that can be tested

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17
Q

expirement

A

design a study and conduct the research to collect relevant data

18
Q

results and interpretations

A

if supported
- theory: develop a theory that integrates conclusions with those from other studies
- or find new observations and questions and restart the process
If not supported: find new observations and questions and restart process

19
Q

considerations when conducting research

A

controls (randomization)
sample size
placebos

20
Q

analyzing research findings

A

correlations and causes

  • positive and negative associations
  • correlation is not a causation
21
Q

Nutrient Recommendations

A

estimates apply to healthy people

  • recommendations are for the majority
  • adjustments may be required
  • achieve goal via food
  • each has a unique purpose
22
Q

Nutrient assessment of individuals: Historical Info

A

health status, socioeconomical status, drug use, diet, family history, illness

23
Q

Nutrient assessment of individuals: Anthropometric measurements

A

height, weight, waist cirumference

compare results to standard to determine disease risk

24
Q

Nutrient assessment of individuals: Physical examinations of the body

A

provides clues to nutritional status

25
Q

Nutrient assessment of individuals: laboratory tests

A

reveal values of certain nutrients in the blood

- most useful in uncovering early stages of deficiency before symptoms appear

26
Q

Stages in the development of a nutrient deficiency

A
  • internal changes precede outward signs of deficiencies

- outward signs of sickness do not need to paper before a person takes corrective measures

27
Q

nutrition of the net: who?

A

responsibility for site/what are their credentials

28
Q

nutrition of the net: when?

A

date of last update

29
Q

what nutrition research should i trust

A

meta-anlysis -> highest level

  • foods/products with multiple studies showing efficacy
  • consider the quality of the journal and the study mythology
30
Q

Misinformation

A

identify nutrition experts

  • physicians and other health care professionals - limited nutritional education
  • registered dietitcians- have to take exam
31
Q

nutrition assessment of populations

A

canada has no formal surveillance program

  • nutrition canada survey 1970-1972
  • canadian community health survey, 2004
  • canadian health measurements survey, 2007
32
Q

Diet and Health

A
  1. cancer
  2. heart disease
  3. stroke
  4. respiratory disease
  5. accidents
  6. diabetes
  7. alzheimers disease
  8. influenza/pneumonia
  9. suicide
  10. kidney disease
33
Q

Risk factors for chronic disease

A
  • tobacco use
  • harmful use of alcohol
  • high blood pressure
  • physical inactivity
  • raised blood cholesterol
  • overweight/obesity
  • unhealthy diet
  • raised blood glucose
34
Q

Red flags of nutritional quackery: natural

A

is not necessarily better or safer; any product that is strong enough to be effective is strong enough to cause side effects

35
Q

Red flags of nutritional quackery: quick and easy fixes

A

even proven treatments take time to be effective

36
Q

Red flags of nutritional quackery: satisfaction guarenteed

A

marketers may make generous promises, but consumers won’t be able to collect on them

37
Q

Red flags of nutritional quackery: one product does it all

A

no one product can possibly treat such a diverse array of conditions

38
Q

Red flags of nutritional quackery: time tested or new food treatment

A

such findings would be widely publicized and accepted by health professionals

39
Q

Red flags of nutritional quackery: paranoid accusations

A

and this product’s company doesn’t want money. At least the drugs compare has scientific research proving the safety and effectiveness of its products

40
Q

Red flags of nutritional quackery: personal testimonies

A

hearsay is the weakest form of evidence

41
Q

Red flags of nutritional quackery: meaningless medical jargon

A

phony terms hide the lack of scientific proof

KIN146 (9 decks)

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