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KIN146 > Game Changers > Flashcards

Game Changers Flashcards

1
Q

Lacto/ovo vegetarian

A

individual that chooses not to eat meat, cheese and diary

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2
Q

CLAIM #1: intro

A

Gladiators were predominantly vegan
- not an actual research paper -> magazine article
- stable isotopes can measure amount of nutrients in body
- trace element study
- stable carbon = plant consumption
- stable nitrogen = animal protein consumption
- strontium: dietary plant to meat ratio. earth metal it has no known metabolic purpose
- Sr/Ca ratio identify main calcium supplier in diet
-

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3
Q

CLAIM #1: what did the study find?

A

the amount of strontium between the gladiators and non-gladiators was the same.

  • Sr to Ca ratio was much higher in gladiators
  • calcium supply in gladiators diet is not coming from intake of plant/animal products
  • they consume more calcium from plant ash used to promote healing after a fight
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4
Q

CLAIM #1: Magazine article claims

A
  • gladiators were give so they had extra layers to protect organs
  • they are more plants and less protein
  • diet of barley and wheat would make them very calcium deficient
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5
Q

CLAIM #2: Intro

A

You can get enough AA’s from plant-based proteins

  • 60% of our protein comes from plants and 40% from animals
  • whey protein is the best in milk bc of the leucine
  • 3g of protein for optimal muscle protein synthesis
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6
Q

CLAIM #2: leucine trigger hypothesis

A

The amount of leucine released into circulation and taken into muscle after you consume diff foods.

  • whey protein crosses leucine trigger threshold
  • soy doesnt
  • casein isnt effective and doesnt come close
  • leucine trigger can increase a change in the body
  • leucine trigger goes up with not using it
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7
Q

CLAIM 3: Commercially availible isolated protein sources

A

amount of nutrient needed for base diet

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8
Q

CLAIM 2: Effects of different types of proteins on muscle synthesis

A

FSR = rate of muscle protein synthesis
whey: 16% FSR (exercising) 9% FSR (rest)
Soy: 13% (exercise) 7% (rest)
Casein: 8% exercise 6% (rest)

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9
Q

CLAIM 3: Does animal protein = plant protein

A 
problems with this:
- participants took supplements on training days only and ate omnivorous diets
Soy study: 4.8 g of protein 
Whey study: 5.5g
Rice protein study: 3.8 g
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10
Q

CLAIM #3: Intro

A

Animal proteins impair blood flow and increase inflammation, which leads to reduced exercise perf and health.

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11
Q

CLAIM 3#: Notes

A
  • Increase fat intake and triglyceride levels go up
  • Different proteins: no difference in plasma triglycerides except whey has lower plasma triglyceride
  • When we consume dairy or soy yogurt, there is no influence on protein.
  • Not animal protein/product it is the high sat fat that is causing that
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12
Q

CLAIM #4: Intro

A

Animal proteins enhance risk of all-cause mortality and cancer
- dairy, soy consumption are a risk for breast cancer
relative risk: higher in people that consume dairy than those who consume soy

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13
Q

Absolute risk

A

risk of developing that disease over time.
all have risk for heart disease, cancer and stroke
Ex. 1/10 chance of developing a certain disease

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14
Q

Relative risk

A

comparing 2 groups of ppl.
Ex. smokers vs non-smokers.
Risk of lung cancer between 2 groups.
compare medical research to see if belonging to a certain group with inc or dec your risk of disease

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15
Q

CLAIM #4: relative risk

A

risk of disease if 4/100 in non-smokers, but your risk goes up by 50% if you smoke, it is now 6/100
- if absolute risk if low then it is easy to see an increase

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16
Q

CLAIM #4: other factors

A
  • beware of relative risk and hazard ratio data
  • inc dairy intake is associated with a reduction in stroke
  • pre-clinical to human RCT to observational/epidemiological
  • remember an association is not a causation
  • physical activity ebolishes a lot of negative effects
17
Q

CLAIM #4: more claims

A

Low protein intake is associated with a major reduction in IGF-1 cancer and overall mortality in 65 and younger but not in older people

18
Q

CLAIM #4: facts

A
  • level of protein is not associated with differences in cancer or mortality
  • cancer is higher in low protein group than high protein
  • low protein individuals were intaking inadequate protein
  • 31 prospective cohort studies in meta-analysis
  • total protein intake associated with lower risk of all cause mortality
  • total protein intake associated with low risk of CVD
19
Q

CLAIM #5: into

A

all humans need to supplement with Vitamin B12

  • water soluble vitamin
  • co-factor for DNA synthesis
  • studies show that vegans and vegetarians are liekly to be B12 deficient where omnivores are unlikely to be
  • less than 1% of omnivores, 7% of vegetarians, 52% vegans
20
Q

CLAIM #5: other supplements

A

humans can synthesize EPA and DHA from dietary alph linoleic acid and it is essential because our bodies suck at making it

  • conversion of alpha linoleic acid to EPA and DHA is <8% and <4% in men and 21% and 9% in women
  • dietary/supplemental intake or performed EPA and DHA intake is necessary to significantly enhance those.
21
Q

CLAIM #6: intro

A

becoming vegan will improve your sport performance

22
Q

CLAIM #6: Questions

A
  1. what was their diet like before they became vegan
  2. if a vegan diet is sm better for performance why doesn’t everyone do it. and why aren’t the best athletes vegan?
  3. did the documentary provide any evidence that a healthy vegan diet was better than a healthy omnivorous diet for performance
23
Q

CLAIM #6: no…

A
  • unclear whether they only changed their intake of animal products or their whole diet
  • would need a controlled study comparing healthy vegan diet to a healthy omnivorous diet w only w diff protein
  • did they start using any other products to help their performance
24
Q

Bias in the film

A
  • the people involved are all making money off of vegan products
  • famous people interviewed are passionate vegans
  • documentary does not provide both sides of argument thus not objective
  • animal-based industry funded & researched = bad. but it is ok when plant-based industry funds research
25
Q

CLAIM #7: Intro

A
  1. in there any negative impact on inc plant-based diets on biodiversity and the environment
  2. how do we tackle the issue of potential protein malnutrition
  3. what about essential fatty acids
  4. better understanding of how much we need and the appropriate dose.
  5. what is the true impact of changes in Canada on worldwide global greenhouse emissions.
    • sustainable farming, electrical vehicles

KIN146 (9 decks)

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