Unit 1 1-10

Question 1

Hindsight bias

Answer 1

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

Question 2

False-consensus effect

Answer 2

The tendency to assume that one’s own opinions, beliefs, attributes, or behaviors are more widely shared than is actually the case

Question 3

Confirmation bias

Answer 3

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Question 4

Falsifiable hypothesis

Answer 4

A hypothesis that can be tested and proven wrong through an experiment or observation

Question 5

Operational definition

Answer 5

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study

Question 6

Replication

Answer 6

Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic findings can be reproduced

Question 7

Case study

Answer 7

A non-experimental technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Question 8

Naturalistic observation

Answer 8

A non-experimental technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Question 9

Z-scores

Answer 9

The standardized score the results from applying z-score transformation to raw data. Performed by subtracting the reference value (sample mean) from each data point and dividing the difference by the standard deviation

Question 10

Social desirability bias

Answer 10

Bias from people’s responding in ways the presume a researcher expects or wishes