Unit 06 Study cards

Question 1

What ways can lipids be extracted?

Answer 1

Lipids can be extracted by ether extracts which are non-polar solvents or by a mixture of chloroform and methanol, also acetone but not every much.

Question 2

What types of fats are extracted from ethers?

Answer 2

Very hydrophobic fats are extracted from ethers.

Question 3

What types of fats are extracted from a mixture of methanol and chloroform?

Answer 3

A mixture of chloroform and methanol is triglycerides.

Question 4

What is the general structure of fatty acids?

Answer 4

The general structure of fatty acids is that they have a double bonded O to an carbon with an OH group attached to the carbon and an R group. The are composed of R chains which are either saturated or unsaturated.

Question 5

What type of unsaturated fatty acids are there?

Answer 5

There are monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

Question 6

What are the two zones of fatty acids?

Answer 6

There is a hydrophobic zone and a hydrophilic zone. The two zones help form bilayers and allow for fatty acids to react with both water and lipids. Usually water is on the outside and lipids form the core.

Question 7

What is the difference between amphipathic molecules and detergent like molecules?

Answer 7

Amphipathic molecules have a weak hydrophilic section and detergent like molecules have a strong hydrophobic section.

Question 8

When we want to make a structure what would we want to use amphipathic or detergent like?

Answer 8

Amphipathic is better at structures whereas detergent like will make fats into droplets to be broken down and emulsified

Question 9

What are the three types of fatty acid structures?

Answer 9

1. Saturated fatty acids
2. monounsaturated fatty acids
3. polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 10

What is the difference between palmitic acid and palmitate?

Answer 10

Palmitic acid is a protonated carboxylic acid and palmitate is a deprotonated carboxylate group.

Question 11

Which fatty acid saturated or unsaturated have a higher melting point?

Answer 11

Saturated have a higher melting point and are solid at room temperature and unsaturated have a lower melting point and are liquid at room temperature.

Question 12

If you wanted to make a food that was chewy and soft would you want to have more saturated or unsaturated fatty acids present within it?

Answer 12

You would want your fatty acid to have more unsaturated fatty acids than saturated. Saturated fatty acids are needed to be added to foods when you want them harder and crunchier.

Question 13

humans are able to produce omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids but not omega 9. True or false.

Answer 13

This is false. Humans are unable to produce omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids the enzymes present within our bodies are able to only create a double bond on the 9th carbon away from the methyl group.

Question 14

The longer the chain the lower the melting point. True or false.

Answer 14

False, the longer the saturated fatty acid chain the greater the melting point as the shorter the chain the lower the melting point.

Question 15

Butyric acid.
How many carbons is this chain?
Is it saturated or unsaturated?
Can it be produced in the body?

Answer 15

This is a saturated fatty acid which is 4 carbons long and is able to be produced by the microbes in the colon.

Question 16

Palmitic acid.
How many carbons is this chain?
Is it saturated or unsaturated?
Can it be produced in the body?

Answer 16

This is a saturated fatty acid not produced within the body and is 16 carbons long with NO double bonds hence saturated.
Present in the cell walls but not produced by microbes in the colon

Question 17

Stearic acid.
How many carbons is this chain?
Is it saturated or unsaturated?
Can it be produced in the body?

Answer 17

This is 18 carbons long it is saturated and does not have any double bonds it is present in the cell walls but not produced in the colon.

Question 18

What types of bonds are unsaturated fatty acids normally cis or trans?

Answer 18

The type of fatty acids normally is cis fatty acids as trans are not formed naturally and will be made via partial hydrogenation.

Question 19

What does a partial saturation of oleic acid produce?

Answer 19

partial saturation of oleic acid palmitic acid which is a protonated. When we take an unsaturated fatty acid and break these double bonds we have partial saturation and these partial saturated so it acts as a saturated fatty acid but it is unsaturated.

Question 20

What is a conjugated fatty acid?

Answer 20

This is a fatty acid with one cis and one trans and will not fulfill an essential role in the body.

Question 21

What are the two types of naming system.

Answer 21

The two types are delta or omega.

Question 22

Explain the naming process for delta.

Answer 22

Delta is when you start with carboxylic acid and the first double bond from the carboxylic acid is where you start.