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History: Britain c1785-1870 > Unionism And Cooperation > Flashcards

Unionism And Cooperation Flashcards

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1
Q

When were the Rochdale Pioneers established?

A

1844

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2
Q

When was the Trade Union act get passed?

A

1871

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3
Q

When did Robert Owen take over at New Lanark?

A

1799

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4
Q

When was the Co-operator Newspaper Published?

A

1827

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5
Q

How many trade societies did the Chartists represent?

A

70 trade societies in 1838

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6
Q

What four factors were reasons for the growth in trade unions?

A

• The Factory System
Like minded workers collected in one area

• Government Policies
Laissez Faire and The combination act (1799) banned trade unions

• Protection For Workers
Between 1750-1850 britain’s population grew from 6 million to 17 million.
Workers became replaceable

• The French Revolution
Rising food prices and national debt

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7
Q

What was a strike fund?

A

Money set aside by a union to cover the lack of wages during a strike

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8
Q

How long did the 1818 strike last? Why did it end?

A
  • Four Months

* Five members were arrested

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9
Q

When were the combination acts repealed?

A

1824

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10
Q

How many members did the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union have?

A

Had over one million members before 1834

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11
Q

How many members of the ‘Grand National’ union paid the fees?

A

16,000 of the One million members.

Not enough for large scale strikes

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12
Q

What did employers use to prevent unions?

A

‘The Document’ in which employees had to sign, renouncing their commitment to any unions

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13
Q

When the Mill Workers in Derby failed to leave their union what happened?

A

In 1834, 1500 mill workers were locked out of their workplace until they left the ‘Grand National’ Union

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14
Q

What was New Model Unionism?

A

Set up to protect skilled workers.

Passive and used diplomacy, strikes were a last resort

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15
Q

When did New Model Unionism emerge?

A

1850

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16
Q

What was the ASE and when was it set up?

A

The Amalgamated Society of Engineers in 1851

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17
Q

What was the aim of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers?

A

Support for skilled workers

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18
Q

How many members did the Amalgamated Society Of Engineers have?

A

12,000, made up of workers around the country

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19
Q

What was an advantage of the Amalgamated Society Of Engineers?

A

Their skilled members were often well paid. Generating the ASE income.

In 1852, they had £12,000 p.a

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20
Q

What was ASE’s contribution to the London Builder’s Strike in 1859-60?

A
  • Gave three donations of £1000, enabling them to hold out for 6 months
  • Forcing a compromise with their employers
21
Q

What is a limitation of early trade societies?

A

Too local, looked after their own industry only

22
Q

What was a knobstick?

A

Someone who undermined a strike, through working.

Commonly irish

23
Q

By 1832, how many cooperatives were there?

A

500

24
Q

What were the three levels of a worker in the 1700s

A

Apprentice, Journeryman and Master

25
Q

Who was the Leader of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers?

A

William Allan

26
Q

What did the Friendly Societies do?

A

Supplied welfare to workers

1/3 of the population had this insurance

27
Q

How much did Britain’s population increase from 1750-1850

A

6 Million - 17 Million

28
Q

During which years did Robert Owen run New Lanark?

A

1799-1828

29
Q

When were the Tolpuddle Martyrs arrester? And what was their crime?

A

1834 and swearing an oath to try and improve their wages

30
Q

How long was the working day in New Lanark?

A

12 Hours

31
Q

How did Robert Owen encourage workers to work harder?

A

Coloured blocks above their work station

32
Q

What was the TUC?

A

The Trade Union Congress set up in the 1860s.

33
Q

By 1874, how many workers had joined a trade union?

A

Over 1 Million

34
Q

Where did early trade societies often meet?

A

Local Pubs

35
Q

What did the Master and Servant act of 1823 do?

A

It made breaking contract an imprisonable offence.

If a strike resulted in the inability to complete work as a breach of agreement it could result in prosecution

36
Q

Between 1857-75 how many prosecutions were due to the master and servant act?

A

10,000 per year, showing a growth in trade unionism

37
Q

What was the reaction to the Tolpuddle Martyrs?

A

An 800,000 person petition delivered to parliament, protesting their sentence.

38
Q

What did The Molestation of Workmen Act 1859 achieve?

A

Gave rights to workers who picketed peacefully

However the term “peacefully” was subjective to the courts.

39
Q

What made New Lanark unique?

A
  • No children employed under 10
  • Reduced child working day to 10 hours
  • Schooling was offered to both adults and children. To aid in building character.
40
Q

What did Robert Owen believe in?

A
  • Motivation through building character
  • All union should unite into the “Grand National Consolidated Trade Union with over 500,000 members.
  • Cooperative stores
41
Q

What was unique about cooperative stores?

A

Employees owned shares of the business and so were motivated through their wages being based on the business’s success.

42
Q

Where was New Lanark?

A

Scotland

43
Q

What proved Richard Owen’s kinder approach was a success?

A

In 1834 he maintained annual profits of £300,000

44
Q

What was the Co-operator?

A

A newspaper from 1827 that managed a large readership and advertised the ides of co-operation

45
Q

Who visited New Lanark in 1816?

A

The Tsar Of Russia Grand Duke Nicholas

46
Q

What were the Rochdale Pioneers?

A

A society that formalised the model of Co-operative business

47
Q

What were the rochdale principles?

A

The ideals for a cooperative:
• Money is provided by the Pioneers with fixed interest
• Market value products
• Women can be members
• A percentage if profit goes to education

48
Q

When did the Grand National collapse?

A

1835

49
Q

What were limitations of New Model Unionism?

A
  • Too many small and localised unions
  • Strike funds and administrative bodies were hard to maintain
  • More national unions, tended to concentrate on one trade

History: Britain c1785-1870 (5 decks)

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