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History: Britain c1785-1870 > Industrialisation And Protest > Flashcards

Industrialisation And Protest Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the 1799 Combination Act?

A

It prohibited Trade Unions.

Driving labour organisations underground.

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2
Q

When was the Second Combination Act?

A

1800

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3
Q

Who were the Luddites?

A

Protesters led by Ned Ludd who broke machines. Angry at the introduction of steam powered looms damaging employment.

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4
Q

Name 3 Causes of Luddism

A
  • Rapid growth of Unemployment and Wage Cuts
  • Napoleon’s blockade cutting off all continental ports for British ships in 1808
  • The failure of the harvest that caused high unemployment
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5
Q

When was Luddism a predominant?

A

1811 - 1817

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6
Q

When was the Ten Hour Movement?

A

It began in 1830 but lasted a 17 year campaign

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7
Q

What were the aims of the Ten Hour Movement?

A
  • Children Under 9 Shouldn’t Work

* Working Day should be lowered to 10 hours

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8
Q

What did the 1835 Municipal Corporations Act do?

A

The middle class could now vote for local government

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9
Q

What did Edwin Chadwick’s report find?

A
  • 687 Streets Inspected In Manchester
  • 248 were unpaved
  • 112 were ill-ventilated
  • 253 has stagnant pools of rubbish
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10
Q

How much was rent?

A

Back house - 1s 10d per week

Front house - 2s 6d per week

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11
Q

Why was fresh water hard to obtain?

A

It was sold at a premium

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12
Q

How many children died in their first year of life?

A

3/20 Children

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13
Q

How large was London’s population?

A

2.3 million

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14
Q

In 1851 how many workers were there? And how many worked in textiles?

A
  • 9.7 Million

* Only 6% of workers

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15
Q

By 1800 what population lived in towns and how much did this increase to in 1880?

A

1800 - 25%

1880 - 80%

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16
Q

When was the Factory Act?

A

1833

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17
Q

What did the 1833 Factory Act do?

A
  • No children under 9 could be employed
  • Children aged 9-12 worked a 9 hour day maximum
  • Children aged 13-18 worked a 12 hour day maximum
  • Only four inspectors to cover 4000 textile mills in the country
  • Only covered textile mills
  • Consistently improved by further Factory Acts
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18
Q

What was the Mines Act of 1842

A

• Banned underground employment of children under 10 and women

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19
Q

What was the Factory Act of 1844?

A
  • Reiterated That Children and women aged 13-18 and women were to work a maximum day of 12 hours
  • Forbid night work for women
  • More inspectors appointed to enforce the law
  • Prohibited cleaning of machines that were in motion
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20
Q

What were the Factory Extension Acts?

A
  • Extensions to the prior Factory Acts

* By 1867 it covered all factories employing 50 or more workers

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21
Q

How many sales did Chadwick’s report have?

A

100,000 copies sold

22
Q

What was the Public Health Act of 1848?

A
  • Central boards of health
  • Central boards only established in areas of a 23 in 1000 mortality rate
  • But they had low Funding
23
Q

What was the Sanitary Act of 1866?

A
  • Sanitation inspection was compulsory for local corporations
  • Disregard for quarantine of contagious diseases was punishable
24
Q

When was the Second Combination Act?

A

1800

25
Q

Who were the Luddites?

A

Protesters led by Ned Ludd who broke machines. Angry at the introduction of steam powered looms damaging employment.

26
Q

Name 3 Causes of Luddism

A
  • Rapid growth of Unemployment and Wage Cuts
  • Napoleon’s blockade cutting off all continental ports for British ships in 1808
  • The failure of the harvest that caused high unemployment
27
Q

When was Luddism a predominant?

A

1811 - 1817

28
Q

When was the Ten Hour Movement?

A

It began in 1830 but lasted a 17 year campaign

29
Q

What were the aims of the Ten Hour Movement?

A
  • Children Under 9 Shouldn’t Work

* Working Day should be lowered to 10 hours

30
Q

What did the 1835 Municipal Corporations Act do?

A

The middle class could now vote for local government

31
Q

How many people died from typhus?

A

4000 each year

32
Q

How many people did cholera kill?

A

32,000 - 1831

70,000 - 1848-49

33
Q

What did Edwin Chadwick’s report find?

A
  • 687 Streets Inspected In Manchester
  • 248 were unpaved
  • 112 were ill-ventilated
  • 253 has stagnant pools of rubbish
34
Q

How much was rent?

A

Back house - 1s 10d per week

Front house - 2s 6d per week

35
Q

Why was fresh water hard to obtain?

A

It was sold at a premium

36
Q

How many children died in their first year of life?

A

3/20 Children

37
Q

How large was London’s population?

A

2.3 million

38
Q

In 1851 how many workers were there? And how many worked in textiles?

A
  • 9.7 Million

* Only 6% of workers

39
Q

By 1800 what population lived in towns and how much did this increase to in 1880?%

A

1800 - 25%

1880 - 80%

40
Q

When was the Factory Act?

A

1833

41
Q

What did the 1833 Factory Act do?

A
  • No children under 9 could be employed
  • Children aged 9-12 worked a 9 hour day maximum
  • Children aged 13-18 worked a 12 hour day maximum
  • Only four inspectors to cover 4000 textile mills in the country
  • Only covered textile mills
  • Consistently improved by further Factory Acts
42
Q

What was the Mines Act of 1842

A

• Banned underground employment of children under 10 and women

43
Q

What was the Factory Act of 1844?

A
  • Reiterated That Children and women aged 13-18 and women were to work a maximum day of 12 hours
  • Forbid night work for women
  • More inspectors appointed to enforce the law
  • Prohibited cleaning of machines that were in motion
44
Q

What were the Factory Act Extension Acts?

A
  • Extensions to the prior Factory Acts

* By 1867 it covered all factories employing 50 or more workers

45
Q

How many sales did Chadwick’s report have?

A

100,000 copies sold

46
Q

What was the Public Health Act of 1848?

A
  • Central boards of health
  • Central boards only established in areas of a 23 in 1000 mortality rate
  • But they had low Funding
47
Q

What was the Sanitary Act of 1866?

A
  • Sanitation inspection was compulsory for local corporations
  • Disregard for quarantine of contagious diseases was punishable
48
Q

What hurt farmers but aided industry?

A
  • The wars had brought high demand for British agriculture. Post war they had to deal with competition and overproduction
  • Banks were made to provide ready capital for businesses. Creating emphasis on the urban lifestyle rather than financially aiding the farm industry.
49
Q

How many Banks existed in 1808?

A

800

50
Q

When was the combination act repealed?

A

1825

51
Q

What was New Lanark?

A

Robert Owen’s village that encouraged fair treatment of workers at his cotton mills.

History: Britain c1785-1870 (5 decks)

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