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History: Britain c1785-1870 > The Growth Of Parliamentry Democracy > Flashcards

The Growth Of Parliamentry Democracy Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the Six Acts of 1819?

A

1) Restrictions on Public Meetings
2) Gave power to search for and seize arms
3) Gave power to seize blasphemous publications
4) Banned Paramilitary training
5) Newspapers had a 4D duty, making them more expensive
6) Sped up procedure for bringing treason cases to trial

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2
Q

When was the french revolution?

A

1789

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3
Q

When did the American war of independence end?

A

1783

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4
Q

When was Lord Liverpool Prime minister?

A

1812-1827, he died in 1828

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5
Q

What was the Peterloo Massacre?

A

1819 in which Henry Hunt spoke to a crowd in manchester demanding universal suffrage.
A second meeting in august had 60,000 people. The yeomanry tried to arrest Hunt but were swarmed by the crowed. The 15th Hussar were called in, killing 11 people and wounding 400-600

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6
Q

What was the cato street conspiracy?

A

1820, in which a group planned to assassinate Lord Liverpool’s cabinet. They aimed to trigger uprisings across the country. A government spy knew the plan. The leader and his conspirators were arrested 3 months later. 5 others were transported.

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7
Q

What was the people’s charter?

A

The 6 beliefs of the chartists

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8
Q

What did the chartists support?

A

1) Suffrage for every man over 21 (no a criminal record)
2) The secret Ballot
3) No property Qualifications for parliament
4) Payments from MPs to ensure devotion
5) Equal Constituencies - Constituencies represent the same number of electors
6) Annual parliament elections

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9
Q

How did Economic Issues and The 1832 Reform Act cause Chartism?

A

Economic issues:
The economically worse hit areas, such as Lancashire, were the chartist’s greatest supporters

Great Reform Act:
The reform act had neglected the working class
The London Working Men's Assocation (LWMA) drew up the people's charter in 1837 for more radical reform
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10
Q

What were the plug riots?

A

1842, followed the rejection of the second petition.
500,000 workers in yorkshire went on strike and broke factory boilers. Spread to 15 english and Welsh counties. 1000 chartists were arrested. However the government did agree to cancel wage reductions.

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11
Q

Describe the First Petition of the Chartists

A
  • 1839
  • 1.2 Million signatures
  • Parliament rejected it with 235 votes to 46
  • A retaliation strike was planned but was met with 6000 troops to “keep peace”
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12
Q

Describe the Second Petition of the chartists

A
  • 1842
  • Major Economic recession at the time
  • 3.3 Million Signatures
  • Rejected by 287 Votes to 49
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13
Q

Describe the Third Petition by the Chartists

A
  • 1848
  • This was the final Petition of the Chartists
  • 5.7 Million signatures but only 2 million were real
  • 1848 French Revolution increased confidence in the chartists
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14
Q

Why did Chartism Fail?

A

1) Lack of middle class support (post great reform act)
2) Chartism support grew during economic crisis and so fell during positive reforms (e.g mines act 1842)
3) Parliament may have seen change as already occurred, not seeing the need for the petitions. Violent riots only harshened their support from MPs.
4) Regional differences - It was strongest in the north. But no attempt was made to mass coordinate the action. This division made it easy for parliament to rule and go unaffected.

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15
Q

What did the 1836 Municipal Corporations Act do?

A

Town councils were now elected by all local male ratepayers

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16
Q

When was the Irish famine?

A

1845

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17
Q

What did the First Great Reform Act change?

A
  • 42 new boroughs and 62 seats given to England counties
  • Vote given to the middle class men
  • Electorate rose from 366,000 to 650,000 (approx 18% of male population)
  • More organisations to help people vote
  • Politicians increasingly voted along with their party, making it easier to pass bills
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18
Q

When was the First Great Reform Act?

A

1832

19
Q

What did the First Great Reform Act NOT change?

A
  • Political system was still ran by land owners
  • The motive of the whigs was to achieve moderate change to gain support of the middle class
  • Too expensive to stand as an MP (needed income of £600)
  • Voting was still public until 1872 (subject to corruption)
  • Only 14 of the 103 individuals in the cabinet were Middle Class
  • Only Two parties competiting
20
Q

What did the 1815 Corn Law Do?

A

A bill that ensured the price of wheat reached 80 shillings a quarter before foreign grain was allowed to enter the market

This increased the price of wheat and was hated by the working class as they needed wheat to eat and sell. The middle class hated it for the political dominance of the landed elite

21
Q

What issues did the Napoleonic war cause britain?

A
  • Increased Tax, to pay £902 million national debt
  • Napoleon blockade of britain from 1806
  • 400,000 soldiers returned home post war, needing jobs
22
Q

What was the population growth between 1801 - 1821

A

1801 - 10.5 Million

1811 - 12 Million

1821 - 14.1 Million

23
Q

What and when were the Swing Riots?

A

1830, in which riots spread to 20 counties. Mostly involving arson and machine breaking.

In 1830, 200 petitions were sent to parliament demanding tax reductions.

24
Q

What was the National Reform Union?

A

In 1864, it was a passive middle-class union that stood for:
• All male ratepayers
• Equally distributed seats across the country
• A secret ballot

25
Q

What was the Reform League?

A

In 1864, it was a more drastic league, campaigning for Universal Male Suffrage and a secret ballot.

Whilst the NRU had more money, this league had more support with many ex-chartists.

26
Q

What meetings did the Reform League arrange?

A
  • What became the hyde park riots (1866)

* Islington 1867

27
Q

What were the Hyde Park Riots?

A

In 1866, The Reform League held a meeting in Hyde Park. It was deemed illegal and was broke up by police.

However 200,000 people invaded the park and held a peaceful meeting.

28
Q

When was the Second Great Reform Act?

A

1867

29
Q

What did the Second Great Reform Act change?

A
  • 1 Million new voters, almost doubling the electorate
  • Parties began to campaign to impress the 2.46 million voters
  • Redistribution of seats to larger cities, such as Manchester and Liverpool
  • All Male ratepayers could now vote (including the working class)
  • The working class were now the majority in terms of voters
30
Q

What were the failures of the Second Great Reform Act?

A
  • Plural voting existed for those who owned property in both a borough and county
  • Large areas of the Midlands and north were still underrepresented
31
Q

What were the Causes of The Second Great Reform Act?

A
  • Hyde Park Riots 1866
  • Lord Palmerstone had brought the liberals to power, he had little interest in reform. But when he died Earl Russell took charge and was determined for change.
  • Disraeli believed that giving the vote to people who traditionally would vote liberal. Could sway them to conservative.
  • Failures of the First Reform Act
32
Q

What percentage of the population could vote in 1831

A

Less than 5%

33
Q

What was ‘Cooping’

A

The use of thugs to kidnap supporters of a rival in elections

34
Q

What is a borough?

A

A county town that has a Royal Charter

BONUS POINT: A royal charter is a document from a monarch granting Power or Right

35
Q

Why did reform take so long to begin?

A
  • The Ruling elite defended the status quo
  • There was no revolutionary or one true united movement
  • The French Revolution made leaders (such as William Pitt) deter from change
36
Q

Views of the Tories

A
  • Protect the status quo, its worked so far

* Change could bring on a revolution

37
Q

Views of The Whigs

A
  • Moderate Reform
  • The Support of the middle class would prevent them bonding to the working class. Therefore forming a “proletariat” revolution.
38
Q

What did Thomas Paine do?

A

He wrote “the rights of man” which got him charged with treason (1792) and fled to France

39
Q

Which newspaper produced propaganda supporting government actions?

A

The Sun

40
Q

What was William Pitt’s ‘Reign of Terror’?

A

A campaign to counter radicalism and revolution in the face of the French revolution

41
Q

What were ‘church and king’ clubs?

A

Violent, loyal groups that acted as ‘secret police’ against threats to the church or crown

42
Q

What was the continental system?

A

Napoleon’s 1806 Blockade of Britain

43
Q

What happened with the 3 Reform Bills?

A

1831:

1st Bill) Passed, but was amended (weakened)

2nd Bill) Failed, inspiring riots

3rd Bill) Failed, inspiring the ‘days of may 1832’ which scared the Lords. It was the passed.

History: Britain c1785-1870 (5 decks)

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