Unidad 1: Lección 1 Grammar Set Flashcards
Grammar set from Unidad 1: Leccion 1
Answer
How many genders are there for Spanish nouns?
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
2
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
Answer
What are the genders for Spanish nouns?
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
- Masculine (i.e., el profesor, el cuaderno, el lápiz)
- Feminine (i.e., la profesora, la tiza, la ventana)
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
Answer
What are some common indicators for masculine nouns in Spanish?
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
(Most) nouns that end in -o or denote males
E.g., cuaderno, hombre.
Exception: mano (hand), which ends in -o but it is **feminine*
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
Answer
What are some common indicators for feminine nouns in Spanish?
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
(Most) nouns that end in -a or denote females.
E.g., ventana, mujer
Exception: día and mapa, which end in -a but are masculine
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
Answer
For masculine nouns ending in -o, how do you transform them into their corresponding feminine form?
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
Change the ending -o to -a
E.g., el secretario / la secretaria
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
Answer
When a masculine noun ends in a consonant, what do you do to obtain its corresponding feminine form?
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
Add -a at the end of the noun
E.g., el doctor / la doctora
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
Answer
For nouns that have the same form for both genders, how do you indicate the gender?
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
Gender is indicated by the article el (masculine) or la (feminine)
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
Answer
When it comes to nouns and their articles, what are the two things that should be in agreement with each other?
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
Gender and Number
E.g., las chicas (feminine/plural)
Género y número de los sustantivos (Gender and number of nouns) [pg 12]
Answer
For Spanish nouns ending in a vowel, how do we pluralize them?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Add -s to the end of the noun
E.g., estudiante -> estudiantes
E.g., silla -> sillas
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
For Spanish nouns ending in a consonant, how do we pluralize them?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Add -es to the end of the noun
E.g., borrador -> borradores
E.g., profesor -> profesores
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
For Spanish nouns ending in -z, how do we pluralize them?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
- Change the z to c
- Add -es
E.g., lápiz -> lápices
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
When an accent mark falls on the last syllable of a word that ends in a consonant, what happens to the accent mark in the plural form of that word?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
The accent mark is omitted/removed
E.g., lección -> lecciones
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
How many forms of the definite article (‘the’) in Spanish?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
4 (four)
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
What is the definite article for a singular masculine noun?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
el
E.g., el profesor
E.g., el lápiz
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
What is the definite article for a singular feminine noun?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
la
E.g., la profesora
E.g., la pluma
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
What is the definite article of a plural masculine noun?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
los
E.g., los profesores
E.g., los lápices
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
What is the definite article of a plural feminine noun?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
las
E.g., las profesoras
E.g., las plumas
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
For definite and indefinite articles, what are the two things that have to agree with the noun?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Gender and Number
E.g., la profesora
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
What is the indefinite article for a singular masculine noun?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
un (a, an)
E.g., un libro
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
What is the indefinite article for a singular feminine noun?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
una (a, an)
E.g., una silla
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
What is the indefinite article for a plural masculine noun?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
unos (some)
E.g., unos libros
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Answer
What is the indefinite article for a plural feminine noun?
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
unas (some)
E.g., unas sillas
Plural forms of nouns [pg 13]
Define
1st person singular pronoun in Spanish (I)
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
yo
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
Define
2nd person singular pronoun in Spanish (you) [familiar]
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
tú
tú is used when addressing a close friend, a relative, or a child
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
Define
2nd person singular pronoun in Spanish (you) [formal]
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
usted (Ud.)
usted is used for ALL other instances
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
Define
3rd person singular masculine pronoun (he)
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
él
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
Define
3rd person singular feminine pronoun (she)
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
ella
Pronunciation: ê-da
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
Define
1st person plural masculine pronoun (we)
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
nosotros
nosotros can refer to the masculine gender alone or to both genders
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
Define
1st person plural feminine pronoun (we)
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
nosotras
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
Define
2nd person plural masculine pronoun (you all) [familiar]
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
vosotros
vosotros can refer to the masculine gender alone or to both genders
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
Define
2nd person plural feminine pronoun (you all) [familiar]
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
vosotras
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
Define
2nd person plural pronoun (you all) [formal]
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
ustedes (Uds.)
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
Define
3rd person plural masculine pronoun (they)
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
ellos
Pronunciation: eh-yos
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
Define
3rd person plural feminine pronoun (they)
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
ellas
Pronunciation: eh-yas
Pronombres personales usados como sujetos (Subject Pronouns) [pg 16]
True or False
The verb ser (to be) is regular.
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
False.
Ser is irregular.
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
Translate
I am
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
yo soy
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
Translate
you (familiar) are
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
tú eres
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
Translate
you (formal) are
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
usted es
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
Translate
he is
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
él es
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
Translate
she is
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
ella es
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
Translate
we are
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
nosotros(as) somos
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
Translate
you all (familar) are
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
vosotros(as) sois
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
Translate
you all (formal) are
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
ustedes son
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
Translate
they (masculine) are
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
ellos son
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
Translate
they (feminine) are
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
ellas son
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 17]
Fill in the Blanks
In Spanish, when you use a title with a last name, a _______________________________ is required when speaking about the person
This is not done in direct address.
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 18]
definite article
E.g., El señor García
Presente de indicativo del verbo ser (Present indicative of ser) [pg 18]
Compare and Contrast
¿Qué? and ¿Cuál? when they are used with ser
E.g., ¿Qué es una paella? / ¿Cuál es tu clase favorita?
¿Qué? y ¿cuál? usados con el verbo ser (¿Qué? and ¿cuál? used with ser) [pg 19]
- What? translates as ¿qué? when it is used as the subject of the verb and asks for a definition.
- What? translates as ¿cuál? when it is used as the subject of a verb and asks for a choice.
Cuál conveys the idea of selection.
¿Qué? y ¿cuál? usados con el verbo ser (¿Qué? and ¿cuál? used with ser) [pg 19]
Answer
For most adjectives in Spanish, how many basic forms are there?
Forms of adjectives [pg 19]
two (2)
Forms of adjectives [pg 19]
Answer
What is the common singular ending for adjectives in masculine form?
Forms of adjectives [pg 19]
-o
E.g., profesor mexicano
Forms of adjectives [pg 19]
Answer
What is the common singular ending for adjectives in feminine form?
Forms of adjectives [pg 19]
-a
E.g., profesora mexicana
Forms of adjectives [pg 19]
Answer
What is the common plural ending for adjectives in masculine form?
Forms of adjectives [pg 19]
-os
E.g., profesores mexicanos
Forms of adjectives [pg 19]
Answer
What is the common plural ending for adjectives in feminine form?
Forms of adjectives [pg 19]
-as
E.g., profesoras mexicanas
Forms of adjectives [pg 19]
Answer
When an adjective ends in -e or a consonant, how do we get its masculine and feminine forms?
Forms of adjectives [pg 20]
We use the same form for both masculine and feminine forms
E.g., muchacho inteligente / clase difícil
Forms of adjectives [pg 20]
Answer
For adjectives of nationality that end in a consonant, how do we obtain its feminine form?
This is one of the exceptions applied to Spanish adjectives.
Forms of adjectives [pg 20]
Add -a to the end of the adjective
E.g., señor español / señora española
Forms of adjectives [pg 20]
Answer
Do adjectives ending in -ista reflect gender?
This is one of the exceptions applied to Spanish adjectives.
Forms of adjectives [pg 20]
E.g., un chico optimista / una chica optimista
Forms of adjectives [pg 20]
True or False
In forming the plural, adjectives follow the same rules as nouns.
This is one of the exceptions applied to Spanish adjectives.
Forms of adjectives [pg 20]
True
E.g., mexicano -> mexicanos / feliz -> felices
Forms of adjectives [pg 20]
Answer
For adjectives that describe qualities (pretty, smart, etc.), do they precede (before) or follow (after) nouns?
Position of Adjectives [pg 20]
Adjectives that describe qualities follow nouns.
E.g., Hay dos chicas bonitas.
Position of Adjectives [pg 20]
Answer
For adjectives of quantity (one, two, etc.), do they precede (before) or follow (after) nouns?
Position of Adjectives [pg 20]
Adjectives of quantity precede nouns.
E.g. Hay dos chicas bonitas.
Position of Adjectives [pg 20]
Answer
What are the two things that the article, the noun, and the adjective must agree upon?
Agreement of articles, nouns, and adjectives [pg 20]
Gender and Number
E.g., El muchacho es simpático. / Las muchachas son simpáticas.
Agreement of articles, nouns, and adjectives [pg 20]
