Underwater Weapons Final Flashcards
Define torpedo and mine
Torpedo - powered
Mine - unpowered
Label forces on a torpedo (gravity, pressure, buoyancy)
Pic
Magnetism
Reduce signautre:
Degauss: create artificial field to counter intrinsic field
Deperm: decrease intrinsic permanent field
Degaussing range
Measure magnetic field of ship to calibrate degaussing system to match and counteract
Meshed defence single ship
Recreate diagram, label, describe
Meshed defence task group
Recreate diagram, label, describe
Detect to engage underwater
Detect: sonar, visual, magnetic anomaly
Localize: active/MAD gives bearing and range
Passive: bearing only (sonobuoys)
CANTASS, can’t tell which side of the array detection is on. Put another sensor in or turn CANTASS
Target motion analysis: measure passively, gives idea how target is moving?
Classification: frequency analysis by sonar systems, classify type of target
Track: use HMS/sonobuoys
Engage: start when torpedo is fired, ends when last torpedo explodes/runs out of fuel
Mechanics of UW explosion (bubble jet effect)
UW explosion causes expanding bubble of air and a shock wave. Shock wave travels, lifting ship. As ship goes into air, bubble collapses. No support under ship causes ship to fall back into water. Jet fills air gap as bubble collapses and damages target.
Shaking effect
Explosion near a vessel, shock waves cause vessel to shake violently
Contact explosion
Smaller charge than for shaking/bubble jet.
Primary- hole blown in side of ship
Secondary- other stuff indirectly damaging ship (ex. Gas turbine knocked off and hot air damage)
Torpedo types
Light and heavy
Lightweight: defensive, engage submarines
Heavyweight: larger, faster, can explode nearby to damage vessel
Torpedo settings
Run out/no run-out
Run out: used by surface platforms (cobra)
No run out: effective for something underneath/close to target (blood hound)
Torpedo design sections
Nose- transducer / guidance computer
Warhead
Center - Control and fuel, battery
Afterbody - propulsion/thrust
Torpedo guidance types
Homing (active/passive)
Wire-guided
Straight running
Propulsion
Propellant types: chemical, electrical, mono propellant
Engine: electric motor, combustion
Propulser: propellers and water jets
Launchers
Ships - fixed and ASROC
Submarines - swim out
Aircraft - banded (harness and parachute)
Warhead
Warheads are generally some form of aluminum explosive
3 ways mine can be deployed
Defensively (ships)
Offensively (planes/subs)
Psychologically
Types of mines
Drift
Moored
Bottom
Components of mine
Casing, warhead, fusing mechanism
Fixing types
Contact - horns bumped/broken, acid release into battery to activate it
Influence - magnetic, acoustic
Remote - programmed
Mine warfare
Mine laying
Mine countermeasures - passive (decrease signature) and active (sweeping - tow cables to cause mines to detonate or use cables to try to cut them and bring to surface ,hunting- detect mines I.e dolphins then detonate it and running - run through mines with ship to try to activate)
Main tests for torpedo system
Air shots - no torpedo
Practice firing -
Exercise firing
Weapon key policy
Firing key
Non-firing key
Maintenance key
