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Apps > Networking Midterm > Flashcards

Networking Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Give the order of the OSI model (top to bottom)

A
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2
Q

What is the Application layer and give an example

A

Completes an identification of communication partners, provides resources, and synchronizes communications

Set of protocols and services to access resources

Example: http

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3
Q

What is the Presentation layer and give an example

A

Designed to identify the type of information being sent/received

Example: PDF

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4
Q

What is the Session layer and give an example

A

Establishes and teardown of a session

Determines if data is local or remote

Checkpoint so only the data sent after a network failure needs to be resent

Implements Class of Service

Example: FTP

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5
Q

What is the Transport layer and give an example

A

Responsible for mechanics of setup, teardown, and maintenance of a session

Encapsulate data into packet

Provides reliable or unreliable delivery of data
(Reliable requires a check after each data packet is sent, unreliable does not require a check after sending)

Example: TCP, UDP

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6
Q

What is the Network Layer and give an example

A

Connections between hosts on different networks

Defines local topology of a network

Find the logical path from source to destination

Relies on IP addresses (32 bit and 128 bit)

Routers operate on this layer (Network info updated to reflect state of network, Information stored in the routing table, used for traffic encryption)

Example: IPv4

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7
Q

What is the Data-Link Layer and give an example

A

Uses MAC addresses

Defines mechanics of physical communication

4 types of data type:
Unicast - One destination
Broadcast - Everyone on the broadcast domain
Multicast - Groups of destinations
Anycast - Data sent to receiver closest in network

Switches implemented on this layer

Ethernet and wifi for protocols

Communicate between nodes within a local layer

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8
Q

What is the Physical layer and give an example

A

Wiring

Hub acts as a physical connection

Booster will reproduce and boost the signal, increasing the maximum length

Example: Cat 5, Fibre Optic

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9
Q

What is Class of Service

A

Method of managing traffic in a network grouping similar types of traffic together and treating type as a class with its own level of service priority

Does not guarantee a level of service (bandwidth and delivery of time)

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10
Q

What is Quality of Service

A

Any technology that manages data traffic to reduce packet loss, latency, and jitter on the network.

Controls and manages network resources by setting priorities for specific types of data on the network

Often implemented on enterprise networks

Slows down/ makes traffic go faster

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11
Q

What is LAN

A

Close geographical area [Local area network]

Can be made up of many devices

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12
Q

What is WAN

A

Wide area network

Connects multiple LANs, often separated by distance

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13
Q

What is MAN

A

Metropolitan area network

A special type of WAN

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14
Q

What is DWAN

A

Defence Wide Area Network

Unclassified network, store up to protected A, process protected B

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15
Q

What is CSNI

A

Consolidated Secret Network Infrastructure

Canadian Secret Level II network

CAN-US network

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16
Q

What are the types of network topologies

A

Peer to peer
Ring
Star
Bus

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17
Q

Physical vs logical network topologies

A

Physical is geographical location of components

Logical is based on data flow

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18
Q

Explain peer-to-peer topology and give pros/cons

A

Dedicated link between two machines

Pro:
Fast
Simple

Cons:
Little flexibility
Difficult to expand

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19
Q

Explain ring topology and give pros/cons

A

Closed loop with connections between each node, data is passed through every node

Pro:
Fast
Simple

Cons:
Single medium
Limits participation

20
Q

Explain star topology and give pros/cons

A

One central node branches out

Pro:
Lines not a SPOF
Troubleshooting
Flexible

Cons:
Central node is SPOF

21
Q

Explain bus topology and give pros/cons

A

Each node is connected to a common medium

Pro:
Broadcasting is easy
Graceful degradation

Con:
Single backbone is SPOF
Collisions

22
Q

What is a switch

A

Reads MAC addresses

Multiple devices can talk at once

23
Q

What is a hub

A

Signal repeated everywhere, talks and everyone hears it

24
Q

What is TCP/IP

A

Transmit Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

Networking protocols

Transport and network layers

25
Q

What is contention

A

Multiple nodes putting data on the line at the same time cause collisions.

Use algorithm to avoid starvation [CSMA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA]

26
Q

What is CSMA

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access

MAC protocol which node verifies the absence of traffic before transmitting on a shared transmission medium

27
Q

What is CSMA/CD

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect

Improves upon CSMA, terminates transmission as soon as a collision is detected thus shortening time require to retry

Used by Ethernet as a MAC protocol

28
Q

What is CSMA/CA

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance

Improves upon CSMA, if the transmission medium is sensed busy before transmission, then transmission is deferred some random time

29
Q

Peer-to-Peer Concept

A

Network where all machines carry the same application software

Simple sharing of data and devices (printer)

“Peers” share resources (processing power, disk storage), create more capability

Small to medium LANs

Advantages:
Less initial expense
No need for a dedicated server

Disadvantages:
Decentralized
Security, not same level as on client/server network

30
Q

Client-server concept

A

Servers are highly capable specialized network machines that act to serve many users (servers have applications, data, etc.)

Clients need a small amount of software to access the server

Advantages:
Centralized
Flexible (put in new tech easily)
Accessibility (server can be accessed remotely and across multiple platforms)

Disadvantages:
Expense (large initial cost to set up server)
Maintenance (Large networks require staff to ensure efficient operation)

31
Q

Network interface card, bridge, gateway (look these up) , network hardware in general

A
32
Q

Repeaters and hubs

A

Same connection type, read packets inbound and transmit outbound to all devices connected to the hub/repeater

Repeaters used for extended distances

(still don’t see major difference between hubs?)

33
Q

What arrays does CMS use

A

Raid 5 (strips data between disks, uses parity bits to be able to reconstruct data if one disk is lost)

34
Q

Draw unshielded twisted pair

A
35
Q

Draw shielded twisted pair

A
36
Q

Recall the Ethernet naming convention

A

Physical mediums:
T - Twisted Pair
F - Fibre Optic
S - Short range fibre
L - Long range fibre
K - Copper backplane
C - Balanced copper cable
B - Two wavelengths over a single optical cable
S - short-range multi-mode optical cable
L - long-range single/multi-mode optical cable
E - extended range optical cable
Z - long-range single-mode cable at high wavelength

Frequencies:
BASE - Baseband, single signal on cable
BROAD - Broadband, can have multiple signals on same channel
PASS - Passband, Wireless comms

Lanes:
1 - serial
4 or 10 - copper wire

Encoding:
X - 4B/5B Block coding for fast ethernet or 8B/10B block coding for gigabit ethernet
R - 64B/66B block coding

37
Q

Draw 10Base2 Thinnet (Cheapernet)

A

Jacket - protects cable from environment
Shield - surrounding the cable protects the data from noise
Insulator - Surrounded central core, prevent contact w/ shield
Core - Transports data

38
Q

Draw Thicknet

A

Carries signals over long distances

39
Q

Single vs. Multimode Fibre Optic Cable

A

Single mode - Longer range
???

40
Q

MIMO

A

Antenna technology for wireless comms where multiple antennas are used by source and receiver. The antennas at each end of the comms circuit are combined to minimize errors and optimize data speed.

41
Q

What is ISDN

A

Integrated Services Digital Network

Simultaneous voice and data

42
Q

BRI

A

2X 64 kb/s B channels and 1X 16kb/s D channel

Meets needs of most individual users

43
Q

PRI

A

23X B channels
1X D channel

PRI used for users with greater capacity requirements

44
Q
A
45
Q
A

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