understanding the peritoneal cavity

Question 1

what are the 3 layers that the peritoneal cavity originates from?

Answer 1

• endoderm
• mesoderm
• ectoderm

Question 2

what is formed from the endoderm?

Answer 2

• majority of the gut

- most of epithelium and glands of digestive tract

Question 3

what is formed from the mesoderm?

Answer 3

muscular layers

Question 4

what is formed from the ectoderm?

Answer 4

epithelium at extremities of tract (cranial and caudal)

Question 5

what are the key characteristics of the primitive gut?

Answer 5

• formed as a result of 2 folds: cranial-caudal (head to tail) and lateral (side to side)
• at 4 weeks the cranial and caudal ends are still closed by membranes: bucco-pharyngeal and cloacal

Question 6

what are the 3 divisions of the gut?

Answer 6

• foregut
• midgut
• hindgut

Question 7

what is contained in the foregut?

Answer 7

• oesophagus
• stomach
• proximal half duodenum
• liver
• pancreas

Question 8

what is contained in the midgut?

Answer 8

• distal half duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum
• cecum
• ascending and 3/4 transverse colon

Question 9

what is contained in the hindgut?

Answer 9

• 1/4 transverse colon
• descending & sigmoid colon
• colon

Question 10

what holds the primitive gut in place?

Answer 10

mesenteries

Question 11

what forms the mesentery?

Answer 11

double layer of peritoneum

Question 12

what are the 2 types of mesentery?

Answer 12

• dorsal

- central

Question 13

what are the functions of the mesentery?

Answer 13

• suspends intensities
• pathway for blood, innervation & lymphatic to reach the gut
• ventral mesentery degenerated during development, except for foregut

Question 14

what is the cause of the anomaly of gut rotation?

Answer 14

unclear

Question 15

what is the format of gut rotation?

Answer 15

• duodenum construction

- midgut volvulus, leading to ischaemia, necrosis or possible death

Question 16

what are the common symptoms of gut rotation?

Answer 16

• vomiting
• pain
• abdominal distention

Question 17

where does the dorsal mesentery attach?

Answer 17

attaches gut organs to posterior abdominal wall

Question 18

what does the dorsal mesentery give rise to?

Answer 18

• gastrosplenic ligament
• lienorenal ligament
• greater omentum
• mesentery of small & large intestine

Question 19

what does the ventral mesentery give rise to?

Answer 19

foregut region only

• ligaments around the liver
• falciform ligament
• lesser omentum

Question 20

what does the lesser omentum attach together?

Answer 20

attaches lesser curvature stomach to back of liver and has a free edge

Question 21

where is the abdomen?

Answer 21

below diaphragm

Question 22

what composes the abdominal wall?

Answer 22

• flat abdominal muscles

- lumbar vertebral column

Question 23

where does the external oblique muscles go from and to?

Answer 23

• from: outer surface of lower 8 ribs

- to: linea alba, iliac crest, pubic tubercle

Question 24

where does the internal oblique muscles go from and to?

Answer 24

• from: lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
• to: linia alba, costal margin, crest of pubic bone

Question 25

where does the transversus abdominis go from and to?

Answer 25

• from: lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament, interior surface lower 6 ribs, iliac crest
• to: linea alba, crest of pubic bone

Question 26

where does the rectus abdominis go from and to?

Answer 26

• from: pubic symphysis and crest

- to: xyphoid process, 5-7th costal cartiladges

Question 27

what are the arteries and veins that supply the abdominal wall?

Answer 27

• arteries: superior and inferior epigastric, intercostal, circumflex iliac
• veins: thoracoepigastric

Question 28

what is the innervation for the abdominal wall?

Answer 28

thoracoabdominal nerves

Question 29

what is the function of the external oblique?

Answer 29

work with interior oblique for torsional movement of trunk

Question 30

what is the function of the internal oblique?

Answer 30

flex and rotate trunk; compress viscera

Question 31

what is the function of the transversus abdominus?

Answer 31

compress and support viscera

Question 32

what is the function of the rectus abdominus?

Answer 32

flexes trunk; compress viscera

Question 33

what are the key characteristics of the lesser/greater sacs

Answer 33

• formed as a result of organ rotation
• lesser sac behind stomach
• rest of peritoneal cavity: greater sac
• communicate via epiploic foramen

Question 34

what does the inguinal canal do?

Answer 34

serves as a passageway for: spermatic cord to reach the scrotum in the male and the round ligament of the uterus to reach the labia majora in the female

Question 35

what invites the inguinal canal?

Answer 35

invited by the superficial and deep inguinal rings

Question 36

what travels through the inguinal canal?

Answer 36

the genitcal nerve and other blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 37

where is the inguinal canal larger?

Answer 37

larger in males than females

Question 38

what the spermatic consist of?

Answer 38

• vas deferens
• gonadal vessels
• nerves
• lymphatics
• cremaster muscle

Question 39

what does the transversalic fascia contribute to?

Answer 39

the innermost covering of the spermatic cord - the internal spermatic fascia

Question 40

what does the internal oblique contribute to?

Answer 40

the middle covering layer to the cord - the cremasteric fascia

Question 41

what does the external oblique contribute to?

Answer 41

the outer covering of the cord - the external spermatic fascia