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PMLS 2 > Understanding Phlebotomy PT 1 > Flashcards

Understanding Phlebotomy PT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Process of collecting blood through vein by using incision or puncture method to draw blood for analysis or as part of therapeutic or diagnostic measures under the physician’s request

A

Phlebotomy

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2
Q

Process of collecting blood through vein by using incision or puncture method to draw blood for analysis or as part of _____ or ________ measures under the physician’s request

A

therapeutic, diagnostic

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3
Q

Phlebotomy is derived from two Greek words which are?

A

phlebos - vein
temnein/tomos(tome) - to cut

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4
Q

Phlebotomy is also called as _____________

A

Venesection

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5
Q

Venesection comes from the Latin words

A

Vena - vein
Sectio - cutting

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6
Q

Evolution of phlebotomy: used crude tools to cut vessels and drain blood from the body

A

stone age

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7
Q

Evolution of phlebotomy: Ancient Egyptians also practiced phlebotomy as form of “bloodletting”

A

1400 BC

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8
Q

Evolution of phlebotomy: Hippocrates believed that a person’s health depends on the balance of the four humors

A

460 - 377 BC

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9
Q

The four humors and their equivalent element: blood and brain

A

Earth

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10
Q

The four humors and their equivalent element: phlegm and lungs

A

air

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11
Q

The four humors and their equivalent element: black bile and spleen

A

fire

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12
Q

The four humors and their equivalent element: yellow bile and gallbladder

A

water

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13
Q

Evolution of phlebotomy:
blood letting was performed by barber-surgeons as part of the treatment for some illness

A

middle ages

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14
Q

Evolution of phlebotomy:
phlebotomy was treated as a major therapy

A

17th and 18th centuries

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15
Q
  • alternative medicine
  • application of special heated suction cups on the patient’s skin
  • incision using a fleam or lancet
A

cupping

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16
Q
  • known as Hirudotherapy
  • uses leeches for bloodletting
  • used for microsurgical replantation
A

leeching

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17
Q

Scientific term for medicinal leech?

A

Hirudo medicinalis

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18
Q

What is present in the saliva of leeches that acts as an anticoagulant?

A

Hirudin

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19
Q

3 main goals of phlebotomy

A
  • for diagnosis and treatment using blood samples
  • for transfusion, to remove blood from donor
  • for removal of blood for polycythemia or therapeutic purposes
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20
Q

Two main methods of phlebotomy?

A
  • venipuncture
  • capillary puncture
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21
Q

The method of collection of blood through the vein using a needle

A

venipuncture

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22
Q

Method of collecting blood by puncturing skin using a lancet?

A

capillary puncture

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23
Q

Which hand is punctured with a lancet in capillary puncture method?

A

The non-dominant hand

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24
Q

Which fingers are best to puncture with a lancet during capillary puncture?

A

Middle or ring fingers (lateral)

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25
Q

3 listed credentials needed to be a phlebotomist

A
  • certification or license
  • continuing education
  • trainings and seminars
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26
Q

Under professionalism:
* conservative clothing
* observe proper personal hygiene

A

professional appearance

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27
Q

Under professionalism:
* decisions and judgements to patients and fellow co-workers

A

self confidence

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28
Q

Under professionalism:* is a personal feeling of “wholeness” derived from honesty and consistency of character

A

integrity

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29
Q

Under professionalism:
* means being sensitive to a person’s needs and willing to offer reassurance in a caring and humane way

A

compassion

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30
Q

Under professionalism:
* takes initiative to follow through on tasks
* consistently strives to improve and correct behavior
* makes every effort to provide excellence in all aspects of patient care

A

self-motivation

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31
Q

Under professionalism:
* observe proper work ethic
* take personal responsibility for their actions

A

dependability

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32
Q

Under professionalism:
* is a system of moral principles or standards that govern conduct and the distinction between right and wrong
* code of ethics
* PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: to safeguard the patient’s welfare
* to avoid harming the patient in any way

A

ethical behavior

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33
Q

Basic concepts of communication in the healthcare setting: 3 components of good communication

A

verbal communication, non-verbal communication, and active listening

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34
Q

Type of patient: non-ambulatory, admitted in the hospital (at least 24 hours)

A

inpatient

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35
Q

Type of patient: ambulatory, patients who does walk-ins/follow up check ups

A

outpatient

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36
Q

3 levels of healthcare?

A

Primary, secondary, and tertiary

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37
Q

3 levels of healthcare: healthcare units in rural areas and sub-units [focuses on prevention and basic laboratory routines]

A

primary

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38
Q

3 levels of healthcare: non-departmentalized hospitals

A

secondary

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39
Q

3 levels of healthcare: medical centers and large hospitals

A

tertiary

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40
Q

Other healthcare services: medical care given to patients requiring care of follow up check-ups after their discharge from the hospital

A

ambulatory care

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41
Q

Other healthcare services: done in a patient’s home in a long-term facility

A

homebound care

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42
Q

Other healthcare services: unit at the local level but are still under the jurisdiction of the health department of the govt.

A

public health services

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43
Q
  • with permanent inpatient beds
  • 24-hour nursing service
  • managed by organized medical team
  • 2 major divisions: clinical analysis area, anatomical and surgical pathology area
A

hospital

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44
Q

Is the DOH-designated EQAS

A

National Reference Laboratories (NRL)

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45
Q

National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI) is the NRL-EQAS for?

A

Hematology and Coagulation

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46
Q

Research Institute of Tropical Medicine (RITM) is teh NRL-EQAS for?

A

Microbiology (identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing, and parasitology (identification of ova and quantitation of malaria)

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47
Q

Lung Center of the Philippines (LCP) is the NRL-EQAS for?

A

Clinical chemistry (testing 10 analytes, namely glucose, creatinine, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, and chloride)

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48
Q

East Avenue Medical Center (EAMC) is the NRL-EQAS for?

A

drugs of abuse (methamphetamine and cannabinoids)

49
Q

Concerned with the diagnosis of diseases through microscopic examination of tissues and organs

A

anatomic pathology

50
Q
  • this section is intended for the testing of blood and other body fluids to quantify essential soluble chemicals including waste products useful for the diagnosis of certain disease
  • analyzes serum and plasma for chemical constituents to evaluate general health and disorders of body systems and organs
A

clinical chemistry

51
Q
  • for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
A

Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Glycosylated hemoglobin

52
Q

Consists of:
* high and low density lipoprotein
* triglycerides

A

total cholesterol

53
Q

this is for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases

A

Total cholesterol

54
Q

total cholesterol is under what?

A

lipid profile

55
Q

Fasting time for FBS?

A

8-10 hours

56
Q

elevated levels indicate kidney disorders or gout

A

blood uric acid

57
Q

Amount of this found in blood which could determine impaired renal function

A

blood urea nitrogen

58
Q

Check for cases that indicate renal impairment of muscular dystrophy

A

creatinine

59
Q

elevated levels indicate liver disorders

A
  • alanine aminotransferase
  • aspartate aminotransferase
60
Q

elevated level indicate BONE or LIVER disorders

A

alkaline phosphatase

61
Q

Elevated levels indicate liver or hemolytic disorders

A

Bilirubin

62
Q

Elevated levels indicate early liver disorders

A

gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)

63
Q

elevated levels indicate myocardial infarction or lung or liver disorders

A

lactic dehydrogenase

64
Q
  • elevates level indicate pancreatitis
  • this are pancreatic markers
A

amylase and lipase

65
Q

Evaluates body fluid balance

A

electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, CO2)

66
Q
  • levels of the BNP hormone in the blood which could indicate congestive heart failure
A

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) test

67
Q

monitors therapeutic range to avoid toxic levels for drugs

A

drug analysis

68
Q

used to check liver and kidney disorders

A

total protein

69
Q

used for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

A

troponin I

70
Q
  • focused on the identification of bacteria and fungi on specimens received
  • most samples are obtained from blood, urine, throat, sputum, genitourinary tract, wounds, CSF, and feces
A

microbiology

71
Q

detect microbial infection and determines antibiotic treatment

A

culture and sensitivity

72
Q
  • detects bacteria and fungi in blood
A

blood culture

73
Q

detects the presence of and determine the type of fungi

A

fungal culture

74
Q

detects the presence of and aids in the identification of bacteria

A

gram stain

75
Q

4 steps in gram stain

A
  • crystal violet
  • iodine
  • alcohol
  • safranin
76
Q

Gram stain color: purple/violet

A

gram positive

77
Q

gram stain color: pink or red

A

gram negative

78
Q

deals with the enumeration of cells in the blood and other body fluids

A

hematology

79
Q

focus on blood testing for the determination of various coagulation factors

A

coagulation studies

80
Q

the most common body fluid analyzed in hematology section and a specimen obtained by using a collection tube with lavender stopper

A

whole blood

81
Q

What does a collection tube with lavender stopper have?

A

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

82
Q

liquid portion of blood if it is obtained from a sample that has been anticoagulated and contains fibrinogen

A

plasma

83
Q

If the sample of an anticoagulated blood is allowed to clot is the ________?

A

serum

84
Q
  • most common type of test performed in the hematology section
  • screening test to assess patient condition such as infections and malignancy
A

CBC

85
Q

determines the percentage of the different types of WBC and evaluates RBC and platelet morphology

A

differential

86
Q

determines the volume of RBC packed by centrifugation

A

hematocrit

87
Q

determine the oxygen-carrying capacity of rbc

A

hemoglobin

88
Q

Band cell is an immature type of WBC?

A

neutrophil

89
Q

increased levels of neutrophil indicate what?

A

bacterial infection

90
Q

increased level of lymphocyte indicate what

A

viral infection

91
Q

increased level of monocyte indicate

A

viral infection, chronic inflammation

92
Q

increased level of eosinophil are usually shown during what?

A

allergic reaction and parasitic infection

93
Q

increased level of basophil is shown during what

A

allergic infection

94
Q

determines the weigh of hemoglobin in rbc and compares it with the size of the cell

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

95
Q

determines the size of rbc

A

mean corpuscular volume

96
Q

determines the number of platelets in circulation blood

A

platelet count

97
Q

Units used for mean corpuscular hemoglobin?

A

percentage (%)

98
Q

Units used for mean corpuscular hemoglobin

A

picogram

99
Q

Units used for mean corpuscular volume

A

fL

100
Q

determines the number of RBC

A

RBC count

101
Q

calculation to determine the difference in the size of rbc

A

rbc cell distribution width

102
Q

determine the number of wbc in circulating blood

A

wbc count

103
Q

determines the number and type of __________ (di kita sa vid)

A

body fluid analysis

104
Q

determines the number and type of cell in bone marrow

A

bone marrow

105
Q

determines the rate of rbc sedimentation

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

106
Q

evaluates bone marrow production of RBC

A

reticulocyte count

107
Q

used to test for sickle cell

A

sickle cell

108
Q
  • overall process of homeostasis (stoppage of blood flow from a damage blood vessel) is evaluated; includes platelets, blood vessels, coagulation factors, fibrinolysis, inhibitors and anticoagulant therapy
  • plasma from sample drawn in tube with light blue stopper that contains the anticoagulant sodium citrate
A

coagulation section

109
Q

evaluates the intrinsic system of coagulation cascade and monitors heparin theraapy

A

activated partial thromboplastin time

110
Q

screening test for increase clotting tendencies

A

antithrombin III

111
Q
  • evaluate the function of platelet
A

bleeding time

112
Q
  • measures abnormal blood clotting and fibrinolysis
A

d-dimer

113
Q

detect factor deficiencies that prolong coagulation

A

factor assays

114
Q

tests for increased fibrinolysis

A

fibrin degradation products

115
Q

determines the amount of fibrinogen in plasma

A

fibrinogen

116
Q

evaluates the function of platelets

A

platelet aggregation

117
Q

evaluates the extrinsic system of coagulation cascade and monitors coumadin therapy

A

prothrombin time and international normalized ratio

118
Q

determines if adequate fibrinogen is present for normal coagulation

A

thrombin time

PMLS 2 (2 decks)

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