Understanding IP tunneling

Question 1

A _________ starts by making an encrypted connection between two computers

Answer 1

tunnel

Question 2

___________ are used to encrypt unencrypted protocols

Answer 2

Tunnels

Question 3

Very few Internet Protocols are ____________.

Answer 3

encrypted

Question 4

Tunnels are often used with _______ _______ connections

Answer 4

remote access

Question 5

______ _______ ________ is a router technology that provides a labeling system to greatly improve performance and speed within network connections for private WANs

Answer 5

Multiprotocol label switching ( MPLS )

Question 6

__________________ uses MPLS technologies, but with better security for private WANs

Answer 6

Software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN)

Question 7

The _______ ____ _______ does not use the Internet to connect and thus doesn’t require security, so it is more affordable also for private WANs.

Answer 7

Metropolitan area network (MAN)

Question 8

many fiber connnections feature:

Answer 8

Bidirectional wavelength division multiplexing (WDM or BWDM)
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) - allows single mode fiber optics to carry multiple signals using different wavelengths using multiple colors.

Question 9

this also used multiple wavelength of colors for faster signals over long distances, limited to 60 km

Answer 9

Coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) Private Wans

Question 10

________ DSL is where the upload and download speeds are the same

Answer 10

Symmetric DSL

Question 11

_________ DSL is where the download is super fast and the upload is slower

Answer 11

Asymmetric DSL

Question 12

Some companies that supply fiber to your home are using the same technology DSL and it called:

Answer 12

VDSL (very-high-bit-rate-DSL)

Question 13

DSL ______ is used to clear the phone line of the DSL noise

Answer 13

Filters

Question 14

Satellite connections / service has terrible __________

Answer 14

Latency

Question 15

Mobil data started in the 1980’s

Question 16

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) relied on a technology called:

Answer 16

Time-Division multiple access ( TDMA) - allowed multiple user to share service at the same time by switching from one EU to the other.

Question 17

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) also introduced the _______ ________ so that a phone could actually connect to a wireless phone network.

Answer 17

Sim Card - Last one they used or designed was 2G, called
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)

Question 18

This cell technology was after, incompatible, and more superior to GSM, that used a more spread spectrum of transmission by changing the frequencies for each user instead of splitting

Answer 18

Code-Division Multiple access (CDMA)

Question 19

This cell connection type or technology, is 4G / 300 mb download and 75 upload / introduced nano sims

Answer 19

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Question 20

This cell connection type or technology runs on three bands ( low, medium, high ) up to 1GB sec

Answer 20

5G

Question 21

Remote technology for computers over an IP network:

Answer 21

started with a technology called Citrix that used Independent Computing Architecture (ICA)

Question 22

Another remote technology for connecting Macs to Linux is called

Answer 22

Tight Virtual Network Computing ( TightVNC ) uses port 5900

Question 23

Microsoft’s proprietary remote service is called:

Answer 23

Remote Desktop Protocol ( RDP ) used port 3389

Question 24

this remote technology creates a tunnel between a client and endpoint computers

Answer 24

Virtual Private Network ( VPN )

Question 25

VPN’s use or create a ______ _____ on the VPN client machine.

Answer 25

virtual NIC

Question 26

For a VPN to work, one machine has to have the ________ software and the other has be the VPN _______.

Answer 26

Client / Server

Question 27

VPN connections inside of Windows include:

Answer 27

Point to Point Tunneling Protocol ( PPTP ) - Microsoft - also use EAP
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol w/IPsec ( L2TP/IPsec ) - Cisco
Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol ( SSTP ) - uses TLS (SSL)
IKEv2 - Uses pure IPsec solutions

Question 28

One Type of VPN model or type is a:

Answer 28

Client to Site VPN ( has one endpoint )

Question 29

In a VPN network, a router is typically called a:

Answer 29

VPN concentrator or headend and endpoint

Question 30

Another VPN model or type is known as a:

Answer 30

Site to Site VPN ( has one endpoint at each location )

Question 31

other VPN models or types:

Answer 31

OpenVPN
SSH ( Secure Shell )
Generic Routing Encapsulation ( GRE ) - is paired with IPsec and uses PPP through layer 3 including multicast and IPsec

Question 32

This WAN technology creates a secure, private network within a city using fiber optic cabling and Ethernet technology:

Answer 32

Metro Optical
( Metro Ethernet is also called the same thing )
(Sonet is an older version used)

Question 33

The modern port used for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is:

Answer 33

Port 587