Routing Flashcards
__________ filter and forward frames based on IP addresses
Routers
_________ filter and forward frames based on MAC addresses
Switches
__________ Interconnect network ID’s
Routers
Routing tables are created automatically
What do routing tables consist of?
Address - 192.168.15.0
Subnet mask - 255.255.255.0
Gateway - 0.0.0.0 ( all 0’s mean Default route )
Interface address - 192.168.15.1
Routers don’t care where a packet came from just where it’s going.
Routers are not tied to ethernet just the IP Packet
Source ports that are generated ( passed 1024 ) by the computer itself are called:
ephemeral ports
( passed 1024 up to 65535 )
Every TCP packet has ____ port numbers
2 - a Destination and Source Ports
This is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.
Network Address Translation ( NAT )
What is the terminology called when the router sends specific traffic to one internal ID?
Static NAT ( Port Forwarding )
Translates internal IP addresses to an Internet address and tracks the packets
Port Address Translation ( PAT ) or regular NAT
What is the terminology called when the router sends specific traffic using multiple ( or fixed / limited ) number of IP’s?
Dynamic NAT ( Pooled NAT )
SOHO routers ship with NAT ________ on the device.
Enabled
NAT on a SOHO router can be disabled from the routers_______ ______?
Configuration Page
Allows external devices to have internal communication through a router
Port Forwarding
Will open an alternative assigned port when the initial port is contacted ( like FTP )
Port Triggering
When setting up port forwarding, this places that device outside the protection of that router.
Enabling DMZ ( or demilitarized zone )
Router Wan connections are:
commonly DHCP clients by default
Almost all home routers are DHCP servers
These devices are for small groups ( 5-6 device) and can have built in capability for switches, firewalls, and WAPs:
SOHO routers
These devices have expanded connection capability to other devices ( like routers, switches, and WAPs )
Enterprise routers
to see the routing table in a Windows machine:
routeprint or netstat -r
Leasing a T3 line to connect 2 routers together outside of the Internet is called a:
Private “Intranet” route
This is a fixed route that is manually configured and persistent
Static Route
These contain address information for destination, subnet mask, gateway, and NIC’s
Routing tables.
What is it called when all router tables reflect all tables?
Convergence
This is when you are looking for how many routers it takes to get to another host or computer on the network or internet
Hop count
Whats it called when you are looking for the most a packet or data can be hauled?
Maximum Transmission Unit ( MTU )
What are some things that control the metrics in routing?
MTU, Cost, Latency, and Hop Count
Where one router sends his routing table to all routers, leads on Hop count:
Distance Vector
Where one router uses advertising, send out messages, like when they are down, or asking if other routers on the network are still available is called:
Link State
There are 2 routing protocols, what are they?
IGP ( Interior Gateway Protocol ) & EGP ( Exterior Gateway Protocol )
how ISP’s communicate with other ISP’s over the Internet and the only exterior gateway protocol is called:
Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP )
instead of using IP addresses, routers use these to communicate or send data to other routers:
Autonomous System Numbers or ( ASN numbers )
Protocols that use metrics to determine routes and are either Distance Vector or Link state
Dynamic routing
This is a protocol that’s mainly used in smaller internal networks that don’t change very often, is one of the oldest protocols, uses Distance Vector and or Hop Counts
Routing Information Protocol ( RIP )
RIP has a maximum hop count of ____ or it didn’t work.
15
RIP1 used only ______ networks.
Classful
the number 1 IGP out today, uses Link State protocol,
Open Shortest Path First ( OSPF )
Instead of sending out entire routing tables Routers use Area ID’s, send out Link statements or messages, and convergence happens in seconds. this protocol is called:
OSPF
Biggest, a hybrid protocol that has both Distance Vector and Link State built in, cornerstone of how the Internet communicates. Also is used in big organizations with intranets.
Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP )
BGP breaks the entire internet down into thousands of Autonomous Systems or a group of one or more router networks that are controlled by one entity.
Every AS on the internet has a ____Autonomous System Number and are from like 1 to 50,000
32-bit
Remote Desktop Protocol used what port?
3389
