Understanding inequalities 1 Flashcards
What are the two models of health and illness?
Biomedical model
- Locates cause of disease in the individual
- Health is a biological process
- Focus on genetics and clinical risk factors
- Highlights risk behaviours and individual behavioural change
Social model
- Locates cause of disease in the relationship between individual and society
- Health is a social construct
- Focus on social structures and risk factors
- Highlights social change
What is absolute poverty?
Condition where household income is insufficient to afford basic necessities of life:
- Food
- Shelter
- Clothing
If a person is living in conditions that meet at least two of the UN indicators
What is relative poverty?
Condition where household income is a certain percentage below median income for that country.
In the EU Relative poverty defined as having a household income < 60% of the national median
What is IMD?
The Index of Multiple Deprivation, commonly known as the IMD, is the official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in England. The Index of Multiple Deprivation ranks every small area in England from 1 (most deprived area) to 32,844 (least deprived area).
What is agency?
- Capacity to act independently
- Ability to make choices and impose those choices
- Expression of individual power
What is the difference between agency and structure?
In social science, agency is defined as the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices. By contrast, structure is those factors of influence (such as social class, religion, gender, ethnicity, ability, customs, etc.) that determine or limit an agent and their decisions.
