Child development: Families and parenting Flashcards
Who has parental responsibility from birth?
The mother
What are the 4 styles of parenting?
- Authoritarian - these parents have strict ideas about discipline and behaviour and which are not open to discussion
- Authoritative - ideas about discipline and behaviour that are explained and discussed with etc child. It is democratic, and the child is involved in the discussion.
- Permissive - The relaxed ideas about discipline and behaviour
- Neglectful
What is reasonable chastisement?
Parents have the right to make choices and reasonable punishments – a fine line between ‘reasonable chastisement’ and assault. A smack may be reasonable chastisement if it is:
- Open handed
- Administered on a part of the body where it will not cause harm
- Not severe enough to leave a mark
What are required for parents maintaining discipline and behaviour?
- Be united
- Be clear
- Be consistent
- Be flexible
- Be loving
How many families are there in the UK?
19 million
How many families are there in the UK with dependent families?
8 million
What methods can be used where behavioural control is missing?
Reward chart Positive reinforcement. Exchange the number of points for rewards. Straightforward communication has a record of behaviour and the consequences of their behaviour. Very clear and effective.
Time out Give a warning, come down to the child’s level, make eye contact, use an authoritative voice; leave the child at the stool. Explain the bad behaviour when you move them. Get the child to apologise.
What percentage of those families with dependent children are of lone parents, married parents or cohabiting couples?
Married/Civil partnership - 68%
Cohabiting Couples - 17%
Lone parents - 14%
At what age do children show an interest in peers?
12-18 months
A study showed children will touch mum the most but will look at unfamiliar peers more than they will look at mum. They will not touch unfamiliar females due to a strong attachment and them showing stranger anxiety.
2-year olds elicit peer attention or imitate peers. It is early social bonding and interaction.
How does the type of play change as a child gets older?
Age 2-4 years: Will play in solitary, parallel or in a group in all proportions
5-6 years: Will play in larger groups and involve in more group play. They groups become largely sex segregated. Boys tend to play in larger mixed age groups. They may also include girls – groups of girls are less likely to include boys.
12 years old: Groups become more cliquey leading to mixed sex crowds.
What are the different types of sociometric status?
Popular (very liked), Controversial (both liked and not liked), Neglected (neither liked or lease liked), Rejected (not liked)
How do the sociometric status relate to personality?
Popular individuals are socially competent. Controversial individuals are very sociable but tend to be aggressive. Neglected individuals tend to be shy. Rejected individuals are at risk, withdrawn and highly aggressive.
