Sleep and Perception: Consciousness Flashcards
What is locked in syndrome?
The patients brain is functioning as though they were conscious but they are unable to respond. A patient is aware but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for vertical eye movements and blinking.
What is mind-body dualism?
Mind–body dualism is the view in the philosophy of mind that mental phenomena are non-physical, or that the mind and body are distinct and separable.
What is the Hard Problem of Consciousness?
How do we get consciousness out of physical tissue. i.e. how do the physical processes in the brain give rise to subjective experiences.
what is inattentional blindness?
Inattentional blindness is the failure to notice a fully-visible, but unexpected object because attention was engaged on another task, event, or object. Essentially we experience what we want to experience. we always move our attention around the environment towards other people and sounds, however this process is incomplete. This shows the idea of your ‘torch’.
What is subliminal perception?
Subliminal perceptions, also known as subliminal messages, are messages, either visual or auditory, that are presented just beyond the threshold of human perception. A subliminal perception may not be audible enough that the conscious mind might register it but be audible enough for the subconscious mind. This can therefore be used in advertising to influence people. May also use product placement to encourage people to buy certain items.
What is the Stroop effect?
The Stroop effect is a phenomenon that occurs when you must say the color of a word but not the name of the word. For example, blue might be printed in red and you must say the colour rather than the word. The Stroop effect refers to the delayed reaction times when the colour of the word doesn’t match the name of the word.
What are ironic processes?
Ironic process theory, ironic rebound, or the white bear problem refers to the psychological process whereby deliberate attempts to suppress certain thoughts make them more likely to surface. An example is how when someone is actively trying not to think of a white bear they may actually be more likely to imagine one.
What are the different classes of psychoactive drugs?
- Sedatives
- Stimulates
- Opiates - relive pain and produce euphoria
- Hallucinogens and psychedelics
What are psychedelics?
Drugs that produce particularly visual hallucinogens. These visual patterns form constant - such as spirals, cobwebs, tunnels and lattices. These are products of the visual systems. They are associated with predictable colour changes.
May also produce e delusions - merging with surroundings and emotional changes (ranging from euphoria to terror). This may give us an insight to schizophrenia.
What are the two forms of meditation?
- Single point mediation: Focusing on the rhythm of movement and sound to gain a state of relaxation. diminish sensory input, attentional effort
- Open meditation (mindfulness): Being aware of everything around, experience not met with response. About reconnecting with the full sensory experiences
What is hypnosis?
Hypnosis is a human condition involving focused attention, reduced peripheral awareness, and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion. It is a social interaction - an agreement. It involves alterations in perception, memory and voluntary action. The subject however cannot be made to do something they do not want to.
How does an altered state of consciousness explain hypnosis?
Reported by 40% of those hypnotised. Altered state theories see hypnosis as an altered state of mind or trance, marked by a level of awareness different from the ordinary state of consciousness.
what is the alternative theory for hypnosis?
Experienced by 60% - it is a period of focused attention. A state of social compliance and suggestibility. Attention is narrowed to the hypnotist. Become less aware of people around you and the audience. The stage lights help this focus.
What is a positive hallucination?
See or hear something that is not present
What is a negative hallucination?
Fails to perceive something e.g. pain
