understanding health and wellbeing Flashcards
health and wellbeing
the state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.
illness
subjected concept relating to a personal experience of a disease.
disease
physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction, or tissue damage.
dynamic
something that is constantly changing over time.
subjective
something which is influenced by unique and individual opinions and judgements.
infirmity
state of weakness or lack of energy usually due to old age.
factors that influence health and wellbeing
- level of health experienced
- enjoyable and fulfilling career
- enough money
- regular exercise
- nutritional diet
- sufficient sleep
- spiritual or religious beliefs
- fun hobbies and leisure pursuits
- realistic or achievable goals
- a sense of belonging
- living in a fair and democratic society
physical health and wellbeing
the functioning of the body and its systems including the body’s capacity to perform daily tasks and activities.
optimal physical h/w (bubbles)
- healthy body weight
- freedom from illness, disease and injury
- adequate energy levels
- ability to complete physical tasks adequately
- appropriate levels of fitness
- strong immune system
- well functioning body, systems and organs
social health and wellbeing
the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.
optimal social h/w (bubbles)
- supportive network of friends
- supportive and well functioning family
- ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations
- effective communication with others
- productive relationships with other people
emotional health and wellbeing
the ability to express emotions, control and manage feelings in a positive way.
optimal emotional h/w (bubbles)
- recognise and understand the range of emotions
- effectively respond to and manage emotions
- experience appropriate emotions in different scenarios
- have a high level of resilience
mental health and wellbeing
the current state of the mind, involving the ability to think and process information.
optimal mental h/w (bubbles)
- low levels of stress and anxiety
- positive self esteem
- process information to solve problems
- high levels of confidence
- use logic and reasoning to form opinions and make decisions
- positive thought patterns
spiritual health and wellbeing
the ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that an individual possesses, contributing to a sense of meaning, purpose and belonging.
optimal spiritual h/w (bubbles)
- a sense of belonging and connection to the world
- positive meaning and purpose in life
- peace and harmony
- developed personal values and beliefs
- acting according to values and beliefs
interrelationships between dimensions
- change of one dimension has the ability to positively or negatively affect the other four in some way
- affects whether or not optimal health and wellbeing can be achieved
optimal h/w as an individual resource
- increases ability to participate in sporting
- reduces healthcare costs
- increases ability to participate in meaningful relationships with others
- increases ability to independently carry out tasks
- increases effective participation, work and school
optimal h/w as a national resource
economic benefits:
- decrease in reliance on social support systems such as welfare payments
- decrease in burden placed on healthcare system
- decrease in absenteeism from work due to reduced levels of stress
- increase in productive workforce
social benefits:
- increase level of participation in the community such as sporting clubs and leisure centres
- increase level of volunteering in society as individuals are better equipped to give up their time for those in need
globalisation
the process of countries across the world becoming increasingly interconnected due to transport and technological communication developments.
communicable diseases
infectious diseases that are transmitted from the environment including through air, food, water, and other infectious organisms.
optimal h/w as a global resource
- reduced spread of communicable diseases
- increased trade opportunities
- greater health outcomes such as life expectancy
- lower levels of conflict
peace
state of harmony that involves freedom from civil disturbance and conflict.
shelter
permanent structure that provides protection from the outside environment.
education
process of gaining knowledge and building skills, typically in environments such as school and university.
health literacy
the ability to read, obtain and understand health information to make informed health related decisions.
food
a nutritious substance that people or animals drink in order to maintain life.
food security
reliable access to adequate quantities of nutritious, safe and culturally appropriate food at all times from non emergency sources.
income
income refers to money that is owned by an individual through providing labour, producing a good or service, or money received from investments which enable them to access various resources.
stable ecosystem
a balance between the living and non living components of an ecosystem.
sustainable resources
ensuring resources are used to promote health and wellbeing in the present are available for future generations.
social justice
everyone having equal opportunities and rights, being free from discrimination and being afforded fundamental human rights.
equity
being fair and just, which includes catering for different people’s needs.
health status
an individual or population’s overall health, taking into account a range of measures, such as life expectancy and experiences of illness, disease and disability.
prevalence
the total number of cases of a particular disease or condition that are present in a population at any given point in time.
incidence
the number of new cases of a particular disease or condition that arise in a population over a certain period of time.
morbidity
ill health in an individual and the levels if ill health in a given population group (all existing conditions and diseases).
mortality
the number of deaths in a population
maternal mortality
the number of deaths of pregnant women before birth, during birth, or within six weeks after birth, per 100k live births.
mortality rates
the deaths in a population in a certain period usually expressed per 1k or 100k live births in a 12 month period.
infant mortality rate
the number of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday per 1k live births.
under 5 mortality rate
the number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1k live births
burden of disease
a measure of the impact of disease and injuries, specifically measuring the gap between the current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age, free of disease and disability. Specifically measured by the unit disability adjusted life years (DALYs).
disability adjusted life years
a measure of burden of disease in which one disability adjusted life year equals one healthy year of life lost due to the experience of a disability or disease or premature death.
years of life lost due to disability or disease (yld)
the non fatal contribution to burden of disease measurement including living with chronic disease, physical disability or mental health condition.
years of life lost due to premature death (yll)
the fatal contribution to burden of disease including death due to a fatal car accident, cancer or heart attack.
life expectancy
the measure of the number of years a person is expected to live, on the bassis that current health conditions do not change.
health adjusted life expectancy
the measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustement for time spent in poor health (number of years in full health a person is expected to live)
self assessed health status
the measure of an individual’s overall perception of their own health status at any given point.
biological factors
influences on health that stem from the body, including its body systems anbd functioning, as well as the systems that function within it.
list biological factors
- genetics
- birth weight
- body weight
- blood pressure
- blood cholesterol
- glucose regulation
sociocultural factors
social and cultural conditions that are experienced throughout a lifetime.
list sociocultural factors
- socioeconomic status
- access to healthcare
- food security
- early life experiences
- unemployment
- social isolation
- social exclusion
environmental factors
the physical conditions in the environment, that individuals work and play.
list environmental factors
- housing
- work environment
- water and air quality
- climate
- urban infrastructure
population groups
- males and females
- indigenous and non indigenous
- high and low socioeconomic
- living within and outside of australia’s major cities
factors contributing to australia’s health status
- smoking (cancers such as lung cancer)
- alcohol (cancer such as liver cancer)
- high body mass index (cardiovascular disease such as coronary heart disease)
- underconsumption of vegetables (colorectal cancer)
- underconsumption of fruit (colorectal cancer)
- underconsumption of dairy (musculoskeletal disease such as osteoporosis)
- high intake of fat (lifestyle disease such as type 2 diabetes)
- high intake of salt (hypertension)
- high intake of sugar (dental caries)
- low intake of fibre (type 2 diabetes)
- low intake of iron (iron deficiency amenia)
