Understanding Genetics Flashcards
What ways can humans analyze genetics?
Provenance Testing: Taking genetic material from one place and trying it out in an other
Progeny Testing: Producing offspring from known parentage and testing it out in different places
Biochemical Testing: Genetic Testing in a laboratory environment
What are some risks associated with poor gene selection
Seed being Poorly Adapted to the area in which it is being used compared to areas from which it came
Lack or lost Genetic Diversity
Using Slow Growing Genotypes
Naturally Occurring Inbreeding resulting in poor form – this manifests itself more on good site because trees grow faster and show up more quickly!
How is risk managed?
Developing Seed Transfer Zones
Developing Seed Transfer Guidelines
Develop a Sound, Scientifically Based,
Tree Breeding Program that will: generate better economic return and produce trees that are better adapted, and demonstrate a more stable performance
What are the procedures in tree breeding?
Plus trees selected based in phenotype
Cuttings (scions) from the parent trees are grafted onto root stock and grown in a controlled environment such as an orchard to produce breeding stock.
Trees produced from cuttings become “Donor Trees” and are bred, under controlled conditions with other trees with appropriate characteristics in hopes of producing offspring with the desired traits of the parents!
What happens in the first and second generation after plus tree scions have been grafted?
First generation: The offspring of the parent tree are outplanted in progeny trials to evaluate the performance and results.
Second generation: If the results of the Progeny trials are acceptable, “Provenance Trials” are establish to test the adaptability of the new cross
Meanwhile, back in the orchard, ……. cross breeding within the first generation parents is done to further improve the crosses and produce “Second Generations”
Explain natural selection and random drift?
Natural selection:
Random drift: Chance occurrence of pollination by natural forces like insect and wind
