UMN and LMN disorders

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

consists of the brain, brainstem and spinal cord. Interpretation and action

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 2

nerves which relay SENSORY info from the periphery to the CNS (afferent) and MOTOR info from the CNS to the periphery (efferent)

Question 3

Autonomaic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 3

Regulates temperature and respiration. Consists of the Sympathetic(fight or flight) and Parasympathetic components

Question 4

Monosynaptic Reflex Arc

Answer 4

Human movement. Building block for CNS. One sensory (afferent) neuron, one synapse, and one motor (efferent) neuron

Question 5

Disynaptic Reflex Arc

Answer 5

Allows for active reciprocal movement to occur. Inhibits contraction of the anatagonist muscle

Question 6

Lesions of Nervous system (2):

Answer 6

UMN and LMN. Result of injury, disease or congenital (from birth)

Question 7

UMN:

Answer 7

affect spinal cord and cortex. Spasticity, hyperflexia, Exaggerated stretch reflex, babinski sign.

Question 8

Examples of UMN:

Answer 8

Head injury, Multiple sclerosis, parkinsons disease

Question 9

Spastic synergy upper extremity:

Answer 9

Scapular retraction
Shoulder internal rotation and adduction
Elbow flexed
Forearm pronated
Wrist flexed
Fingers flexed

Question 10

SS lower extremity:

Answer 10

Hip internally rotated and adducted
Knee extended
Ankle plantar flexed and foot inverted

Question 11

Complications of Spasticity :

Answer 11

Respiratory infections
Osteoporosis
Bowel and bladder problems

Question 12

Lower motor neuron lesions:

Answer 12

affect PNS. Decreased muscle tone
Weakness or paralysis
Prominent atrophy
Hyporeflexia

Question 13

Examples of LMN disorders:

Answer 13

Poliomyelitis (Polio)
Diabetic Neuropathy
Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury

Question 14

Spinal Polio

Answer 14

Invasion of motor neurons. Responsible for trunk, limbs, intercostal muscles

Question 15

Peripheral Nerve Injuries:

Answer 15

Nerves that Branch off the spinal cord. containing sensory, motor, and autonomic nerve fibers. (CELL BODY, AXON, SHWANN CELL, MYELIN SHEATH)

Question 16

Etiology of PNI :

Answer 16

Acute (Fracture, Surgical procedures, Electrical burn) Chornic (tumors, tight nerve passage)

Question 17

Seddon Classification of PNI:

Answer 17

Neuropraxia, Axonotmesis, Neurotmesis ( least to most severe)

Question 18

Neruopraxia

Answer 18

few hours to months recov. bang funny bone, saturday night palsy.

Question 19

Axonotmesis

Answer 19

complete intteruption of axon. Wallerien degen. arm crushed (months). loss of motor, autonomic, sensory systems.

Question 20

Neurotmesis

Answer 20

Walerien. Complete interruption nerve impulses. surgery often necessary

Question 21

wallerian:

Answer 21

axon and myelin sheath regrowth