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Sonography Exam Review > Ultrasound Transducers > Flashcards

Ultrasound Transducers Flashcards

1
Q

The widening of the sound beam in the far field

A

angle of divergence

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2
Q

size of the transducer elements

A

aperture

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3
Q

nonuniform driving (excitation) of the elements in an array to reduce grating lobes

A

apodization

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4
Q

collection of active elements connected to individual electronic currents in one transducer assembly

A

array

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5
Q

ability to distinguish two structures along a path parallel to the sound beam

A

axial resolution

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6
Q

multiple transducer elements with individual wiring and system electronics

A

channels

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7
Q

occurs when two waves in phase with each other create a new wave with amplitude greater than the original two waves: in phase

A

constructive interference

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8
Q

curved linear transducer containing multiple pizoelectric elements

A

convex array

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9
Q

pizoelectric element

A

crystal

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10
Q

temp to which a material is raised, while in the presence of a strong electrical field, to yield piezoelectric properties.

A

curie point

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11
Q

material attached to the rear of the transducer element to reduce the pulse duration

A

damping

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12
Q

occurs when two waves out of phase with each other create a new wave with amplitude less than the two original waves: out of phase

A

destructive interference

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13
Q

includes both axial and lateral resolution

A

detail resolution

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14
Q

deviation in the direction of the sound eave that is not a result of reflection, scattering, or refraction

A

diffraction

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15
Q

aperture that increases as the focal length increases; minimizes change in the width of the sound beam

A

dynamic aperture

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16
Q

variable receiving focus that follows the changing position of the pulse as it propagates through tissue; the electrical output of the elements can be tined to “listen” in a particular direction and depth

A

dynamic focusing

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17
Q

piezoelectric component of the transducer

A

element

18
Q

detail resolution located perpendicular to the scan plane; it is equal to the section thickness and is the source of the section thickness artifact

A

elevation resolution

19
Q

region of the sound beam in which the diameter increases as the distance from the transducer increases

A

far zone

20
Q

distance from a focused transducer to the center of the focal zone; distance from a focused transducer to the spatial peak intensity

A

focal length

21
Q

concentration of the sound beam into a smaller area

A

focal point

22
Q

area or region of the focus

A

focal zone

23
Q

fraunhofer zone

A

far zone

24
Q

fresnel zone

A

near zone

25
Q

additional weak beams emitted from a multi-element transducer that propagates in directions different from the primary beam

A

grating lobes

26
Q

all points on a wave front or at a source are point of sources for the production of spherical secondary wavelets

A

huygens principle

27
Q

interference occurring when two waves interact or overlap, resulting in the creation of a new wave

A

interference phenomenon

28
Q

ability to distinguish two structures lying perpendicular to the sound beam

A

lateral resolution

29
Q

a ceramic piezoelectric material

A

lead zirconate titanate (PZT)

30
Q

material attached to the front face of the transducer element to reduce reflections at the transducer surface

A

matching layer

31
Q

region of the beam between the transducer and focal point, which decreases in size as it approaches the focus

A

near zone

32
Q

natural frequency of the transducer; it is determined by the propagation speed and thickness of the element in pulse ultrasound and by the electrical frequency in continuous wave

A

operating frequency

33
Q

conversion of pressure to electric voltage

A

piezoelectricity

34
Q

applying voltage pulses to all elements in the assembly group, but with minor time differences.

A

phased

35
Q

operating frequency

A

resonance frequency

36
Q

operated by applying voltage pulses to a group of elements in succession

A

sequenced array

37
Q

additional weak beams traveling from a single element transducer in directions different from primary beam

A

side lobes

38
Q

dividing each element into small pieces to reduce grating lobes

A

subdicing

39
Q

device that converts energy from one form to another

A

transducer

40
Q

transducer element, damping, matching layer, and housing; also known as probe, scan head

A

transducer assembly

Sonography Exam Review (6 decks)

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