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Sonography Exam Review > Pulsed Echo Instrumentation > Flashcards

Pulsed Echo Instrumentation Flashcards

1
Q

anything not properly indicative of anatomy or motion imaged

A

artifact

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2
Q

group of bits

A

binary number

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3
Q

binary digit; smallest amount of computer memory

A

bit

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4
Q

group of 8 bits of computer memory

A

byte

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5
Q

imaging display ehere the strength of the electron beam determines the brightness

A

cathode ray tube (CRT)

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6
Q

an independent signal path consisting of a transducer element, delay, and other electronic components

A

channel

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7
Q

storage of the last several real time frames

A

cine loop

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8
Q

a series of pulses and gaps allowing multiple focal zones and harmonic frequencies

A

code excitation

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9
Q

a series of closely spaced reverberation echoes behind a strong reflector

A

comet tail

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10
Q

the ratio of the largest to smallest amplitude that the ultrasound system can handle

A

dynamic range

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11
Q

loss in intensity from bending of the sound beam at a curved surface

A

edge shadowing

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12
Q

the increase in reflection amplitude from structures that lie behind a weakly attenuating structure

A

enhancement

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13
Q

displayed image of the returning echoes

A

feild of view

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14
Q

a complete scan of the ultrasound beam; individual image composed of multiple scan lines

A

frame

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15
Q

the number of complete scans (images) displayed per second

A

frame rate

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16
Q

holding and displaying one frame of the real time sequence

A

freeze frame

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17
Q

ration of amplifier output to input of electric power

A

gain

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18
Q

secondary sound beams produced by a multielement transducer

A

grating lobes

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19
Q

number of scan lines per fram; scan line density

A

line density

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20
Q

denotes the rows and colums of pixels in a digital image

A

matrix

21
Q

storage of echo information

A

memory

22
Q

an artifactual gray scale, color flow, or doppler signal appearing on the opposite side of a strong reflector

A

mirror image

23
Q

the path toward and away from a reflector are different

A

multipath

24
Q

disturbance that reduces the clarity of the signal

A

noise

25
Q

the minimum number oof samples required to avoid aliasing; doppler shift frequency above which aliasing occurs

A

nyquist limit

26
Q

an expanded immage display beyond the normal limits of the transducer

A

panoramic image

27
Q

picture element; smalles portion of a digital image

A

pixel

28
Q

number of picture elements per inch

A

pixel density

29
Q

assigning a brightness value to a missing pixel

A

pixel interpolation

30
Q

a harmonic imaging technique using two pulses per scan line where the second pulse is an inverse of the first one

A

pulse inversion

31
Q

the number of voltage pulses sent to the transducer each second

A

pulse rep frequency

32
Q

time from the beginning of one pulse to the start of the next

A

pulse rep period

33
Q

allows access of stored data in an unsystematic order

A

random access memory (RAM)

34
Q

produced when echoes are placed too superficially because a second pulse was emitted before all reflections have returned from the first pulse

A

range ambiguity

35
Q

stored data that cannot be modified

A

read only memory (ROM)

36
Q

two dimensional imaging of the motion of moving structures

A

real time imaging

37
Q

portion of the sound reflected from the boundary of a medium

A

reflection

38
Q

change of sound direction on passing from one medium to another

A

refraction

39
Q

multiple reflections between a structure and the transducer or within a structure

A

reverberation

40
Q

redirection of sound in several directions on encountering a rough surface

A

scattering

41
Q

reduction of reflective amplitude from reflectors that lie behind a strongly reflecting or attenuating structure

A

shadowing

42
Q

comparision of meaningful information in an image (signal) to the amount of signal disturbance (noise)

A

signal to noise ratio

43
Q

averging of frames that view anatomy from different angles

A

spatial compounding

44
Q

large, flat, smooth surface

A

specular

45
Q

the smallest distinguishable part of a 3 dimensional image

A

voxel

46
Q

A-mode

A

amplitude mode
1-d
displays amplitude on y-axis and distance on x-axis

47
Q

B-mode

A

brightness mode
2D imaging
y axis = increasing depth
x axis = side to side or superior to inferior aspects of body
the stronger the reflection the brighter the pixel

48
Q

M-Mode

A

motion mode
1d
y axis = reflector depth
x axis = time

Sonography Exam Review (6 decks)

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