ultrasound equipment

Question 1

curvilinear probes

Answer 1

multiple applications including obstetrics, gynae, abdominal areas
- 2-6 MHz

Question 2

linear probes

Answer 2

• good for superficial structures such as MSK, testes, thyroid, lumos and bumps
• higher freq than curvilinear
• 8-18MHz

Question 3

intracavity probes

Answer 3

• most commonly used for transvaginal
• good for gynae and early pregnancy
• 8-10MHz

Question 4

what are specialist probes used for

Answer 4

• small footprint to access small body parts
• hockey stick
• neonatal head probe

Question 5

depth

Answer 5

change focus of FOV

Question 6

focus

Answer 6

uses electronic timing delays on crystals to focus energy of beam onto area of interest

Question 7

time gain compensator

Answer 7

flexible control over amplification/ suppression of echoes from particular depth

Question 8

overall gain

Answer 8

adjust amplification of echoes over whole image

Question 9

zoom

Answer 9

adjustable magnification

Question 10

freeze

Answer 10

stops image to record specific frame

Question 11

imaging

Answer 11

either hard copy / PACS

Question 12

hyperechoic

Answer 12

areas on image with more reflected echoes

Question 13

hypoechoic

Answer 13

areas on image with fewer reflected echoes

Question 14

isoechoic

Answer 14

areas on image with similar reflected echoes

Question 15

anechoic

Answer 15

areas on image shadowing no internal echoes, appearing dark or black

Question 16

what is spatial resolution

Answer 16

the ability of machine to display two structures close together as separate images

Question 17

what is contrast resolution

Answer 17

the ability to differentiate between different tissues and display them as different shades of grey

Question 18

what does contrast resolution depend on

Answer 18

• transducer design
• how good signal processing is in analog to digital converter
• control settings of gain, time gain compensator (TGC) output power, dynamic range

Question 19

how does slice thickness affect contrast resolution

Answer 19

higher frequency one shave smaller slice thickness which is better for contrast resolution

Question 20

basics to optimize resolution

Answer 20

• highest frequency selected for depth of scanning required
• focusing beam of AOI
• select appropriate preset
• appropriate gain and TGC settings
• reducing scan sector angle to only include AOI

Question 21

what is temporal resolution

Answer 21

ability to display events which occur at different times at separate events

Question 22

what does temporal resolution depend on

Answer 22

frame rate