Ultrasound 1 Flashcards
If you are going to perform a transabdominal ultrasound, the patient should be NPO for how long prior to exam?
8 hours
How can you distinguish a gallstone and a polyp on U/S?
- gallstone: hyperechoic, posterior shadowing, mobile with gravity
- polyps = hyper/hypoechoic, no shadow, not mobile
What is sludge on U/S?
a mixture of particular solids that have precipitated from bile which does not shadow
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- Sn = 84-87%
- Sp = 99%
What sonographic findings are consistent with cholecystitis?
- cholelithiasis
- gallbladder wall thickening >3mm
- pericholecystic fluid
- gallbladder distention
- sonographic murphy’s sign
What is a sonographic Murphy’s sign?
+ Murphy’s sign caused by the probe
What is choledocholithiasis?
gallstones in the common bile duct
What diameter indicates a dilated duct which may be the result of a gallstone or blockage distally?
> 6 mm
The CBD can increase normally ____ for every 10 years of age above 60 or after cholecystectomy.
1 mm
If you notice a distended CBD on ultrasound what test would you do next?
MRCP
How can you tell the difference between hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) and acute hepatitis?
- hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) = diffusely hyperechoic
- acute hepatitis = diffusely hypoechoic with accentuated venules
What is the best test to evaluate liver disease?
LFTs
T/F: renal u/s will often not pick up stones but secondary signs of it.
True
What are the 3 most common secondary signs of renal stones?
- hydronephorsis
- hydroureter
- absence of ureteral jet
What sonographic findings are consistent with hydronephrosis?
- dilation of renal pelvis and calyces
What are the 2 common indications for a RLQ ultrasound?
- RLQ pain in peds
- pregnant patients concerning for appendicitis
What are the 4 sonographic findings consistent with appendicitis?
- dilated appendix > 6 mm
- tubular structure
- non compressible
- peri-appendiceal fluid
appendicolith +/-
What is the image modality of choice to assess for DVT?
vascular ultrasound
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lower extremity
How is DVT assessed with vascular ultrasound?
compression ultrasonography
What is the Sn and Sp for vascular ultrasound for DVT assessment?
> 95% for both
T/F: You should always treat distal DVT.
FALSE
always treat proximal DVT
What sonographic finding is the hallmark sign of DVT?
non-compressible vessel
Proximal DVT involves these 3 veins.
- iliac
- femoral
- popliteal veins
What sonographic findings are consistent with an aneurysm?
abdominal aorta > 3 cm
What sonographic findings are consistent with an abdominal aorta dissection?
visualization of intima flap
