Uk's Evolving Human Landscape Flashcards
Define Urban Core and it’s characteristics
Town centre with:
- High population density
- expensive property
- corporate headquarters
Define the characteristics of rural areas
Low population density
Older population
Cheap property
Renewable energy
What is rural isolation
Lack of jobs and tend to be poorer due to isolation from cities
Qualify for government assistance
What are some examples of government assistance
Funding in Cornwall for fast broadband so many can work from home
Rail improvements between Sheffield and Manchester have improved transport for good or people
Define counter urbanisation
Individual moving from a city to the countryside
What are some examples of migration to the Uk or in the Uk
2004; Eastern European come to work in industry
In UK people move from North —> South for better quality of jobs
1950: Uk encouraged movement of workers from Caribbean, Pakistan and Indian and Bangladesh due to a shortage
What has happened to industry in the last 50 years
Heavy industry have declined due to foreign competition, high land/labour cost and exhaustion of coal sources
What are some stats of the decline of the North East
- Unemployment grew to 8% between 2007-2013 faster than any Uk region
- in 1971 manufacturing industry employed 40% of the area but by 2010 this fell to 10.19%
How did the tertiary sector impact the North
2013 the public sector account for 22% of all employment in NE
Led to some improvement in unemployment figures
What is happening to manufacturing in the south East
Manufacturing is growing rapidly mainly in urban areas e.g. oil refineries in Southampton and car manufacturing in Oxford
How important is the tertiary and quaternary sector in the SE
Very important as close to economic hub of London with wide range of financial and business’s devices
Also has top level universities for quaternary sector like Imperial College and UCL
How is unemployment in the SE
Unemployment is low at 6% in comparison to NE
What are some examples of transport in the SE that make it attractive to business
Network of motorways and railways
4 Major International Airports e.g. Gatwick,Heathrow,Luton and Stanstead
72% of UK freight was carried on roads in the SE
What about the labour market makes the SE attractive to business
19 million people for goods and services is a large varied market
Also a skilled labour force from Oxford/London Universities
Why is the SE attractive to business politically
Close to decision making centre of London
may allow business to sway political descisions in their favour
What about the SE geographically attractive
Rail/Road networks come out from London and is close to Channel Tunnel giving access to Europe
How was globalisation affected sectors
- Jobs. In agriculture,manufacturing and mining have declined
- Tertiary labour is flexible and part-time most the time
- Workers have to re-train for jobs in the tertiary sector
What are networks
Linking countries through the internet and trade flows
What are flows
Goods and services flow through networks
What are global players
Large organisation that have a big impact on the economy
What is the impact of the privatisation of UK Industry
- Inc FDI so more foreign ownership
- Profits from UK companies going abroad and inc. efficiency due to cheaper labour abroad which causes job losses in the UK
Why did deindustrilisation occur in the north since 50 years ago
Foreign competition,high land/labour costs and exhaustion of coal sources
Define FDI
Money flowing from businesses in 1 country to another
Encourage business to set up in another country
Inversement on UK mainly comes from USA in energy projects/infrastructure
Define TNC
large companies that operate in numerous countries and link different companies
Which river drainage basin is Birmingham located in
Severn
What are 3 nearby market towns to Birmingham
Rugby, Nuneaton, and Burton upon Trent
What are Birmingham’s main transport features
Centre of railway and canal networks
Most major motorways meet in Birmingham
What are Birmingham’s modern features
ICC and NEC bring in 3 million visitors and 1.5 billion pounds to the local economy respectively
High quality restaurants and finance centre in CBD
3 internationally recognised universities
What is the CBD of Birmingham like
Many retail facilities and transport; Mailbox, Bullring and Grand Central
Constant redevelopment; Paradise Circus
High environmental quality but expensive land so high rise buildings