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Geography GCSE > Challenges of Development: Mumbai > Flashcards

Challenges of Development: Mumbai Flashcards

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1
Q

Factors influencing Mumbai’s growth

A
  • coastal access with naturally deep harbour
  • connected to extensive road and rail network
  • faces middle east and europe
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2
Q

Mumbai GDP and exports

A

Mumbai generates more than 1/6th of India’s GDP and 40% of India’s exports come from Mumbai

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3
Q

Mumbai Industrial History

A

19th century cotton and textile factories from India

Deindustrialisation so became important financial sector

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4
Q

Site problems

A

migration and could only back up to its long,narrow peninsula
so developed Navi Mumbai

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5
Q

describe Mumbai City Centre

A

Bank of India, Bank of America and Tata found here
old textile area redeveloped to expensive houses and shopping malls
slums developed near port

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6
Q

describe Mumbai Inner City and Suburbs

A

first area dominated by slum
Second area developed with railway
New Industry located here due to lower prices and more spaces

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7
Q

Mumbai population growth

A

-natural increase
-national and international migration
2001-2011 population increased by 3.4 million

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8
Q

effects of high population density in Mumbai

A

20,692 people per km^2 so:

  • very expensive land
  • congestion
  • slums formed due to price
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9
Q

push factors affecting Mumbai population growth

A

push factors:
lower farm wages
rural isolation
agricultural revolution

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10
Q

Pull factors for Mumbai`

A

lots of jobs due to growth
better education, healthcare and leisure
higher wages generally in Mumbai

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11
Q

Mumbai service sector

A

deindustrialisation in 1980
finance/IT TNCs employed skilled workforce
boom in low skilled work like taxi drivers, cleaners and hairdressers

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12
Q

Dharavi Industry

A

produces over £350 million a year

anyone can afford Dharavi’s 200 rupees a month

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13
Q

Infrastructure for Dharavi

A

low cost satellite that costs £2 each

huge population of Dharavi means massive market

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14
Q

challenge of rapid expansion in Mumbai

A

gov cant have waste disposal for everyone

dumping of 800 million tonnes of untreated sewage

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15
Q

challenge of traffic congestion in Mumbai

A

1.8 million cars so gridlocked roads and 90% of population uses trains

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16
Q

challenge of housing in Mumbai; chawls and squatter settlements

A

too high rent leads to:
chawls - unmaintained old buildings in danger of collapse
squatter settlements- people putting up makeshift houses on unsuitable private land

17
Q

Challenge of slums in Mumbai

A

lack of water so it is rationed

lack of sanitation so over 500 people share public latrine

18
Q

challenge of working conditions in Mumbai

A
  • no protection
  • long hours
  • dangerous work
19
Q

why is QoL in Mumbai bad

A

slow,inefficient gov
limit on rent discourages development
corruption

20
Q

How to improve inequality in Mumbai

A
  • improve access to affordable housing
  • improve working conditions for informal
  • improve accessibility in poor areas
21
Q

Political and economic challenges facing Mumbai

A
  • politically v difficult to move squatter settlemens but v expensive to let them stay
  • no taxes from informal sector
22
Q

Gorai Garbage Site Closure

A

1972-2007
1200 tonnes of solid waste deposited daily
2007 waste lined and methane capture converts gas in hill to energy

23
Q

Mumbai monorail

A

first section 3 years late and costed £310 million
cheap tickets but passenger numbers low as it goes through industrial areas instead of old city
only 15,000 take daily, mainly tourists

24
Q

SPARC Community Toilets

A

builds toilets at 25 rupees monthly permit price with lights and separate ones for children

25
Q

Hamara Foundation

A

200,000 street children so provides education and job skills

2013-14 foundation supported 327 children in going to school and provides vocational training

26
Q

Agara Microfinance

A

provides loans for slums
education loans and group loans
25% interest

27
Q

Improving QoL in Dharavi

A

Dharavi land is worth £10 billion so redevelopment scheme:

  • new affordable housing
  • water/sanitation for all residents
  • education and healthcare with leisure
28
Q

Why are people oppossed to Dharavi redevelopment plan

A
  • new housing destroys community so social problems

- dharavi micro-industries cant operate in this plan

29
Q

What are sustainable cities

A

city that provides a good QoL for ALL its residents without compromising future residents needs

Geography GCSE (8 decks)

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