UK's evolving human landscape Flashcards
what is a sphere of influence
the area which is dominated by the economic, social, and political pull of an urban core
what is deindustrialisation
closure of a country’s factories due to competition from other countries where raw materials and labour and cheaper and regulations less strict
what is the northern powerhouse
region of liverpool, manchester, leeds, bradford and sheffield as it has the potential to drive the economy of northern england
how do the uk government try to make rural periphery areas more attractive to investors
- enterprise zones- uk government offers companies help with start up costs and reduced taxes on profits
- regional development grants- grants and advice for new companies in peripheral areas
- EU grants- funds to help the poorest regions of the EU. in 2015 only cornwall and north wales qualified
- improvements to transport
what causes a high net immigration
EU membership- anyone is free to move to any eu country
globalisation- london’d ‘knowledge economy’ needs highly skilled people and the uk can’t satisfy its needs
what 3 things are causing a rising birth rate
- more women in their 20s choosing to have children younger due to reduced employment after 2008 recession
- more women at older ages having children later after postponing them for career reasons
- overseas born women who have higher fertility rates
what is Dinnington
town of 10,000 people in south yorkshire
home to one of yorkshire coalfields biggest collieries until 1992 when it closed
example of deindustrialisation
7 advantages of teleworking (working from home)
- better health from taking breaks during the day
- no commuting- lower stress, less traffic congestion
- less absentees and sick days
- parents can work at home and save money on childcare
- disabled people don’t have to travel
- can easily work varibale hours
- people can spend time working that would’ve been spent commuting
3 disadvantages of teleworking
- isolation from work colleagues, not being overlooked by boss so less chance of promotion
- difficult to motivate and organise home workers
- work is always around you when you work from home
how has london’ situation helped its growth
close to europe so can trade by sea quickly
can trade with asia ( 5-7 hours ahead), australia (8-11 hours ahead) and new york (5 hours behind)
how is london connected internationally
worlds largest international air hub
eurostar brings major european cities within a few hours travel
how is london connected regionally
most major A roads and motorways lead to london
radial network linked with other cities
how is london connected nationally
fast rail services link london with major cities
manchester and birmingham have 3 services an hour
what are characteristics of the CBD
high land value high building density oldest part of the city where most offices are found most accessible area
characterisstics of the inner suburbs
most varied part of the city
large old houses are being divided into flats for rent
environmental quality varies between areas that are run down but changing and areas that are smarter
characteristics of urban rural fringe
almost every house has a garden
lower building density
higher environmental quality
why do clusters of particular ethnic communities develop
- help to defend migrants against discrimination
- support ethnic shops and services
- help preserve cultural distinctiveness eg notting hill carnival
what is deprivation
lack of wealth and services, low standards of living due to low income, poor health, low educational qualifications
what are 2 examples of londons economic inequality
newham and richmond
why did london’s docks close in 1981
containers begun to be used for transporting goods. container ships were larger so ports moved downstream where water was deeper
whar impact did the closure of the docks have
deindustrialisation as industries that relied on the port eg flour mill moved as well
depopulation- people left in search of work
what is suburbanisation
outer suburbs gain people whilst inner suburbs lose them
what is decentralisation
shift of shopping activity and employment away from the CBD
what is the purpose of the green belt
to protect the couuntryside from major building
