UK's evolving human landscape

Question 1

what is a sphere of influence

Answer 1

the area which is dominated by the economic, social, and political pull of an urban core

Question 2

what is deindustrialisation

Answer 2

closure of a country’s factories due to competition from other countries where raw materials and labour and cheaper and regulations less strict

Question 3

what is the northern powerhouse

Answer 3

region of liverpool, manchester, leeds, bradford and sheffield as it has the potential to drive the economy of northern england

Question 4

how do the uk government try to make rural periphery areas more attractive to investors

Answer 4

1. enterprise zones- uk government offers companies help with start up costs and reduced taxes on profits
2. regional development grants- grants and advice for new companies in peripheral areas
3. EU grants- funds to help the poorest regions of the EU. in 2015 only cornwall and north wales qualified
4. improvements to transport

Question 5

what causes a high net immigration

Answer 5

EU membership- anyone is free to move to any eu country

globalisation- london’d ‘knowledge economy’ needs highly skilled people and the uk can’t satisfy its needs

Question 6

what 3 things are causing a rising birth rate

Answer 6

1. more women in their 20s choosing to have children younger due to reduced employment after 2008 recession
2. more women at older ages having children later after postponing them for career reasons
3. overseas born women who have higher fertility rates

Question 7

what is Dinnington

Answer 7

town of 10,000 people in south yorkshire
home to one of yorkshire coalfields biggest collieries until 1992 when it closed
example of deindustrialisation

Question 8

7 advantages of teleworking (working from home)

Answer 8

1. better health from taking breaks during the day
2. no commuting- lower stress, less traffic congestion
3. less absentees and sick days
4. parents can work at home and save money on childcare
5. disabled people don’t have to travel
6. can easily work varibale hours
7. people can spend time working that would’ve been spent commuting

Question 9

3 disadvantages of teleworking

Answer 9

1. isolation from work colleagues, not being overlooked by boss so less chance of promotion
2. difficult to motivate and organise home workers
3. work is always around you when you work from home

Question 10

how has london’ situation helped its growth

Answer 10

close to europe so can trade by sea quickly

can trade with asia ( 5-7 hours ahead), australia (8-11 hours ahead) and new york (5 hours behind)

Question 11

how is london connected internationally

Answer 11

worlds largest international air hub

eurostar brings major european cities within a few hours travel

Question 12

how is london connected regionally

Answer 12

most major A roads and motorways lead to london

radial network linked with other cities

Question 13

how is london connected nationally

Answer 13

fast rail services link london with major cities

manchester and birmingham have 3 services an hour

Question 14

what are characteristics of the CBD

Answer 14

high land value 
high building density 
oldest part of the city 
where most offices are found
most accessible area

Question 15

characterisstics of the inner suburbs

Answer 15

most varied part of the city
large old houses are being divided into flats for rent
environmental quality varies between areas that are run down but changing and areas that are smarter

Question 16

characteristics of urban rural fringe

Answer 16

almost every house has a garden
lower building density
higher environmental quality

Question 17

why do clusters of particular ethnic communities develop

Answer 17

1. help to defend migrants against discrimination
2. support ethnic shops and services
3. help preserve cultural distinctiveness eg notting hill carnival

Question 18

what is deprivation

Answer 18

lack of wealth and services, low standards of living due to low income, poor health, low educational qualifications

Question 19

what are 2 examples of londons economic inequality

Answer 19

newham and richmond

Question 20

why did london’s docks close in 1981

Answer 20

containers begun to be used for transporting goods. container ships were larger so ports moved downstream where water was deeper

Question 21

whar impact did the closure of the docks have

Answer 21

deindustrialisation as industries that relied on the port eg flour mill moved as well
depopulation- people left in search of work

Question 22

what is suburbanisation

Answer 22

outer suburbs gain people whilst inner suburbs lose them

Question 23

what is decentralisation

Answer 23

shift of shopping activity and employment away from the CBD

Question 24

what is the purpose of the green belt

Answer 24

to protect the couuntryside from major building

Question 25

in what 4 ways has london experienced re-urbanisation

Answer 25

1. space- closure of london’s docks led to space for regeneration. houses and offices have been built on brownfield sites
2. investment by tnc’s created jobs in financial and business ervices in london’s docklands
3. gentrification- high income workers prefer to live closer to work than commute
4. studentification- university expansion caused by demand from overseas students

Question 26

why is london’s housing among the most expensive in the world

Answer 26

population growth is faster than the rate of houses being built
overseas investors leave property vacant which reduces london’s housing stock

Question 27

what are 4 of cornwalls problems

Answer 27

1. 140km from one end to the other, no motorway and trains take 2 hours from plymouth to penzance
2. no large population centres so employers aren’t attracted
3. no knowledge economy that would raise incomes- uk’s lowest weekly wage
4. employment is seasonal, part-time and low wage

Question 28

why does cornwall have few permanent, full-time jobs

Answer 28

decline of primary economy
fishing has declined due to overfishing of uk;s fishing stocks
supermarkets driving down milk prices forced farmers to give up dairying
collapse of tin prices led to closure of cornwalls tin mines

Question 29

how has the eden project helped cornwall

Answer 29

visitor spending on accomodation and meals generated £1bn for cornish economy
employed 700 people and created 3000 jobs elsewhere

Question 30

what is Lobb’s farm shop

Answer 30

2nd biggest cornish tourist attraction
sells beef and lamb to 200000 people who visit the gardens each year
sells all local products
created 12 full time jobs and 8 part time