UK Physical landscapes- Glacial landscapes Flashcards
Case study for topic
(used for both human and physical)
- Lake District, Cumbria
Most common land use in UK
- Pastures (feeding cows and sheep)
-28% of land use
Least abundant land use in UK
- Houses and Gardens
-5%
What does Relief of land mean
- Refers to highest and lowest elevation points in an area
What does Topography mean
- The natural features of land, especially the shape of the surface
What does altitude mean
- Height above sea level
What does land use mean
- Purpose of function of land
What is the Tees-exe line?
- Divides North West uplands from South East Lowlands
Why do glacial landscapes exist in the uk?
- Glacial periods 20,000 years ago meant UK would have been largely covered in ice
-when large glaciers flow downhill it shapes these ‘glacial’ landscapes
Why do interglacial/glacial periods happen
- Changes in Earth’s orbit
Which areas of the UK were covered in ice?
- North West of England, All of Scotland
Formation of a glacier process
1- Snow stays in same area year round, slowly transforming into ice
2- Each year, new layers of snow bury and compress proves layers
3- Compression forces snow to re-crystallise, forming small grains
4- Grains grow larger and air pockets between them get smaller- snow compacts and gets denser
5- After about 2 winters, snow is in a middle state between snow and glacier ice (firn/neve)
6- After about 100 years, a glacier is formed
What is weathering
- The breakdown of rocks in-site( stay in same place) by the action of rainwater, extremes of temp and biological activity
- NOT the same as erosion
What is freeze-thaw weathering
- When rainwater fills cracks in rock on hills/mountains
- At night, temp drops and water freezes, causing it to expand by 10%
- During day, temp rises and ice thaws out into water
- Process repeats and rocks break apart
What is glacial erosion
- The wearing away and removal of land by flowing water, ice or wind
2 main processes of glacial erosion
- Plucking
- Abrasion
What is plucking
- When a glacier moves over an area of rock, and due to friction, the bottom of the glacier melts and water seeps into cracks in the rocks.
- Water refreezes, and rock effectively becomes part of the glacier and is ripped out when glacier moves forward
What is Abrasion
- Where rocks at the bottom of the glacier act like sandpaper, grinding over the bedrock
- causes smooth, polished rocks OR sharp grooves called striations
What is glacial till
- Debris that is transported along with the glacier
What is subglacial material
- Material from bedrock below that is carried under the ice
What is englacial material
- Material that falls into crevasses in ice and is transported inside the ice
What is supraglacial material
- Material that falls onto the ice from surrounding mountain sides
What is glacial till when it gets deposited
- Moraine
What is sediment carried by meltwater rivers called
Outwash
What is bulldozing
- When a glacier moves forwards, moving piles of rock debris in front of it to create a high ridge called moraine
- The furthest advance of a glacier is marked by Terminal Moraine
Why does glacial deposition take place?
- Glaciers carry ice far from regions of snowfall- as they move to lowland areas, the climate becomes warmer, causing meltwater rivers to carry outwash towards the ocean
What is a land form
An individual feature on Earths surface caused by processes, eg. erosion or deposition
What are corries
- Bowl shaped hollows with a steep back wall and ridges, forming an armchair shape around a hollow
What is a tarn
- A lake that can often form inside a corrie
How are carries formed
- Snow accumulates in a high up depression, where is compresses into glacial ice
- ice begins to slowly slide downhill
- plucking occurs at backwall, making it steeper
- freeze thaw weathering causes scree to get incorporated into glacier
- glacier contines to slide downhill, and abrasion causes the base of the corrie to be worn away, making it
- less erosion at front of glacier, so lip forms
- when ice melts, tarn forms
What is an arete
- A narrow, steep ridge between the back walls of two corries
What is a pyramidal peak
- A steep sided peak where three corries form back to back