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geography > Field work > Flashcards

Field work Flashcards

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1
Q

Title of physical geography investigation

A

To investigate the effect of human trampling on the abundance and biodiversity of vegetation on reigate heath, Surrey

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2
Q

Title of human Geography investigation

A

To investigate the patterns of housing and environmental quality across reigate

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3
Q

What is planning stage of geographical enquiry

A
  • Identifying issues or questions you want to investigate
  • Coming up with hypothesis
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4
Q

What is data collection stage

A
  • Safely collecting reliable and accurate data
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5
Q

3 types of sampling strategies for data collection

A
  • Random
  • Systematic
  • Stratified
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6
Q

What is random sampling

A
  • each member of population has equal chance of being chosen
  • random number tables may be used to decide on sample taken
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7
Q

What is systematic sampling

A
  • Samples chosen in a regular way ie every 2m along a transect or asking every 10 people in a questionnaire
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8
Q

What is stratified sampling

A
  • breaking down sample into sub-groups ie for a questionnaire, making sure same amount of residents are asked as non-residents
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9
Q

What is primary data

A
  • Information you have collected yourself
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10
Q

Examples of primary data

A
  • Interview
  • Questionnaire
  • land use survey
  • pedestrian or traffic counts
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11
Q

examples of secondary data

A
  • Census data
  • old maps and photographs
  • Climate data
  • Crime statistics
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12
Q

what is secondary data

A
  • Information that someone has previously collected and made available
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13
Q

Examples of data collection methods

A
  • Quadrat
  • Thermometer
  • Trudle wheel
  • Tally counter
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14
Q

What is discrete data

A
  • Data with clear spaces between values
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15
Q

What is continuous data

A
  • Data that falls into a continuous sequence
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16
Q

Ways to present quantitive data

A
  • Bar chart
  • Line graph
  • Pie chart
  • Desire lines
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17
Q

Advantages of different types of data presentation to talk about

A
  • ‘Clear and easy to visualise’
  • ‘Easy to understand/interpret’
  • ’ Can see trends over time’
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18
Q

Disadvantages of different types of data presentation to talk about

A
  • ‘Hard to read/interpret specific data’
  • ‘Wrong type of data’ (discrete or continuous)
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19
Q

Qualitative data presentation methods

A
  • Word clouds
  • Annotated photos
20
Q

What are word clouds

A
  • If people have been asked to describe certain areas with one word, displaying all these words and making most common answers proportionately larger
21
Q

What is GIS

A
  • Geographical information systems
  • use maps to digitally combine data with individual pieces of data linked to certain areas of the map
22
Q

What are dispersion graphs

A

Can show range of a data set, IQR can be calculated from these

23
Q

What is conclusion

A

Returning to and answering original question as best you can

24
Q

What is evaluation

A
  • Evaluation of reliability of conclusion and how it could have been improved
25
Q

Examples of what to say to improve reliability of data

A
  • larger sample size
  • more sampling points
  • different type of sampling
  • Collect on multiple days/occasions to avoid anomalies
26
Q

Primary Data collection methods used in reigate heath

A
  • Quadrat sampling % cover of vegetation across footpath
  • measuring height of falling species
  • Species count
27
Q

Secondary data used in physical enquiry

A
  • Reigate heath management plan ( explains what species should be present)
  • OS maps
28
Q

Risks of physical enquiry and how were they managed

A
  • Ticks with lime’s disease- wear long trousers and check/brush down legs after being in long grass
  • Tripping over Tree stumps- no running and watch your step
29
Q

How was stratified sampling used in physical enquiry

A
  • Teacher decided site of each data would be collected from
30
Q

How was systematic sampling used in physical enquiry

A
  • Quadrat placed every metre along path- representative data of whole path and remove bias
31
Q

How was data presented in physical enquiry

A
  • Kite diagram- showed % vegetation cover across path
  • Field sketch- shows key features of site
  • Proportional circle map- shows biodiversity across site
32
Q
  • Advantages of Kite diagram
A

+Useful for displaying changes over distance
+Visually clear and easy to interpret
+Comparisons can easily be made

33
Q

Disadvantages of Kite diagram

A
  • Visually subjective as scale influences visual effect
  • only works with specific range of data
  • time consuming to construct by hand
34
Q

Advantages of proportional circle map

A
  • GIS data plotted onto a map which gives good visual representation of vegetation coverage
35
Q

Disadvantages of proportional circle map

A
  • Circles can all blur together making it difficult to interpret
36
Q

Conclusion of Physical enquiry

A
  • % cover of vegetation increases with distance from footpath due to human usage such as dog walking
37
Q

Evaluation of physical enquiry

A
  • Difficult to exactly find % cover with quadrant
  • Only carried out in 1 time of year- more walkers in summer
  • Only sampled 20m transect due to time restrictions
  • Only collected data from a few small sites on heath- doesn’t represent heath as a whole
38
Q

Primary data used in Human enquiry

A
  • Environmental quality survey
  • Housing quality survey
  • Photos
39
Q

Secondary data used in human enquiry

A
  • Census data (2011)
  • Zoopla (house prices)
  • Index of multiple deprivation
40
Q

Risks of human enquiry and how they were managed

A
  • Getting hit by traffic/cars- cross roads at zebra crossing
  • Getting lost/abducted- Stay in groups, meet at planned times
41
Q

What is an environmental quality survey

A
  • Bi-polar analysis assessing attractiveness of various features from a scale of -2 to +2
42
Q

What is housing quality survey

A
  • giving score to various features of housing quality eg house type, double garage, width of driveway, size of front garden
43
Q

Data presentation used in Human enquiry

A
  • Bar chart
44
Q

Positives of bar chart

A
  • Good visual technique for categorical data making it easy to analyse at quick glance
  • can easily see trends between environmental quality of streets
45
Q

Negatives of bar chart

A
  • Using too few categories can mask important trends in data
46
Q

Conclusion of Human enquiry

A
  • Housing and environmental quality increases with distance from CBD of reigate
  • Housing and environmental quality increases with height of land in Reigate
  • EG Blanford, Waterloo and High trees road all score highly as on a hill, further from CBD so more space
47
Q

Evaluation of Human enquiry

A
  • Methods support conclusions to some extent. 10 Streets sampled so good area achieved
  • E.Q.S and H.Q.S are very subjective- means different opinions cause inconsistent data, and every house must be rated by same person so it is fair
  • Scale of E.Q.S is small (-2 to +2)
  • Some streets not represented in data- sample size should increase
  • could be supported by deprivation multiple index or census 2011 to provide greater insight

geography (11 decks)

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