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geography > Changing economic world- Nigeria > Flashcards

Changing economic world- Nigeria Flashcards

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1
Q

Location of Nigeria

A
  • West Africa
  • South coast is on Gulf of Guinea
  • Shares border with Niger, Chad, Cameroon and Benin
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2
Q

Regional importance of Nigeria

A
  • Has the largest economy in West Africa
  • By 2050, Nigeria’s economy projected to be top 20 in the world
  • Has largest population in Africa (218 million in 2022)
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3
Q

Global importance of Nigeria

A
  • 2.7% of world’s crude oil supplied by Nigeria
  • By 2050, Nigeria’s economy projected to be top 20 in the world
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4
Q

predicted population of Nigeria by 2050

A
  • 390 million ( roughly 170m increase)
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5
Q

named TNC in Nigeria

A

Shell

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6
Q

Positive social impacts of shell in Nigeria

A
  • 6000 directly employed
  • 20,000 indirectly employed
  • shell development company- 3000 scholarships- secondary schools
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7
Q

negative social impacts of shell in Nigeria

A
  • Oil spills (240,000 barrels yearly) destroy livelihoods, such as farmers
  • Pipeline spill in Bodo, Ogoniland an example of above, however £55m given by shell to government to clean up was wasted due to corruptions
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8
Q

Positive economic impacts of Shell in Nigeria

A
  • Shell has to pay billions in corporate tax annually (£20Bn in 2013)
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9
Q

Negative economic impacts of Shell in Nigeria

A
  • Huge cost of cleaning up spills
  • Loss of income for farmers if land destroyed/ruined in spills
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10
Q

Positive environmental impacts of Shell in Nigeria

A
  • Shell invest huge amounts into renewable energy solutions
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11
Q

Negative environmental impacts of Shell in Nigeria

A
  • Oil spills- kills wildlife such as fish
  • takes 30 years for habitats to recreate themselves
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12
Q

proportion of Nigerians working in different sectors (2022)

A
  • 22% agriculture (primary)
  • 21% industry (secondary)
  • 56% services (tertiary)
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13
Q

Fastest growing industries in Nigeria

A
  • Telecommunications
  • Retail and wholesale
  • Film industry (Nollywood)
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14
Q

How much of Nigerian GDP is from Oil and Gas

A
  • 14%
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15
Q

How much of total export earnings in Nigeria come from Oil

A

90%

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16
Q

Reasons for decrease in agricultural jobs

A
  • Industrial development means more jobs available in factories, which earn more and are less dependant (on land, weather etc)
17
Q

Reasons for increased investment in Nigeria

A
  • Political stability since 2011- attracts foreign investors
  • Lekki Free Trade zone- outside Lagos, attracts many Chinese companies as there is untaxed trade
18
Q

Name of huge cement company in Nigeria

A
  • Dangote Cement
19
Q

How many jobs are supplied by oil and gas industry in south of Nigeria? (%)

A

10%

20
Q

Area where Shell predominantly operates in Nigeria

A
  • Niger Delta
21
Q

How much of the total petroleum production is done by shell in Nigeria?

A

Over 21%

22
Q

Examples of Chinese investment in Nigeria

A
  • Invested $12Bn in a 1400km railway, making trade easier
  • $10Bn into drilling new oil field
23
Q

Nigeria main exports are to…

A
  • USA (17%)
  • India (11%)
24
Q

Nigerian main imports are from…

A
  • China (19%)
  • USA (11%)
25
Q

Nigerian main imports are (products)

A
  • Refined petroleum products (although they have much crude oil, they do not have many refineries)
  • Cars
  • Mobile phones
26
Q

Nigerian main exports are (products)

A
  • Crude oil
  • Gas
  • Rubber
  • Cotton
  • Cocoa
27
Q

Why does Nigeria need aid?

A
  • Despite rapid development, many still poor
    -60% of population live on less than 63p a day
  • Malaria
28
Q

Why has aid failed in the past?

A
  • Corrupt governments- money/resources lost or given to wrong people
  • Aid money has been used to supply the navy
29
Q

Examples of Top down aid in Nigeria

A
  • World bank provided $560 million to build a large scale irrigation and drainage scheme in the Upper Benue river basin
30
Q

Examples of Bottom up aid in Nigeria

A
  • Christian aid
    -given 15,000 insecticide treated mosquito nets to the community in Kaduna State (Northern Nigeria)
31
Q

Examples of Short term/emergency aid in Nigeria

A
  • UN World Food programme
    -supplied food to 400,000 people in Nigeria who were unable to sow crops due to conflict
32
Q

Examples of Long term/development aid in Nigeria

A
  • Uk government in 2016
    -provided £305 million of aid to help them reach its Millennium Development goals
33
Q

Examples of some of Nigeria’s Millennium Development Goals

A
  • Improve financial management and reduce corruption (political)
  • Fight tropical diseases eg Malaria (social)
  • Create jobs by providing Microfinance loans to people (economic)
  • improve infrastructure by building more power stations (technological)
34
Q

Examples of Bilateral/conditional aid in Nigeria

A
  • China invested $4bn in oil and infrastructure development projects
    -In return, Nigeria give Chinese oil firms contracts for oil exploration ini regions such as Niger Delta
35
Q

Environmental impacts of Industrial growth

A
  • Pollution of nearby land as toxic waste dumped or leaked
  • Breathing/lung problems from huge numbers of fumes
36
Q

Environmental impacts of Urban growth in Nigeria

A
  • Waste disposal is a major issue as collection services cannot keep up with rate of Urban growth
  • Traffic congestion creates high levels of pollution
  • 70-80% of forests have been destroyed for logging, agriculture and urban development
37
Q

Environmental impacts of mineral and oil extraction

A
  • Oil spills damaged freshwater and marine ecosystems
  • Oil spills can cause fires- CO2 released
38
Q

positive effects of economic development on quality of life

A
  • Nigeria’s HDI improved from 0.467 in 2015 to 0.535 in 2021
  • life expectance rose from roughly 46 in 1982 to roughly 55 in 2022
39
Q

negative effects of economic development on quality of life

A
  • North of Nigeria significantly less developed
    -some regions have limited access to safe water, sanitation and reliable electricity
  • almost 2/3 of the population live in poverty

geography (11 decks)

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