UK in the 21st Century

Question 1

Why does the UK have a housing shortage?

Answer 1

• new housing needs planning permission
• land around many cities are protected by green belts
• the price of land keeps increasing so they hold onto it for longer hoping it rises more

Question 2

Population trend in the UK

Answer 2

-about 65 million and still rising
-predicted to reach 70 million by 2030

Question 3

Reasons for population growth

Answer 3

-until the 1990s population growth was natural
-most of the growth now is net migration
-this was due to the expansion of the European Union from 2004-2007
-leading to increasing migration from Eastern Europe

Question 4

Life expectancy

Answer 4

-average for a boy is 79
-average for a girl is 83

Question 5

Stages of old age

Answer 5

1) active retirement
2) semi-independence
3) dependence

Question 5

Healthy life expectancy

Answer 5

the age up to which people remain fit and active

Question 6

Costs of an ageing population UK

Answer 6

-more government money from taxes goes towards pensions
-the NHS needs more money
-more money has to be spent on the elderly
-people who look after elderly family members have less time to work
-the more spent on the elderly the less that can go towards education etc

Question 7

Response to the ageing population UK

Question 8

Industrial decline in Merthyr Tydfil

Answer 8

-in the 19th century the ironworks in Merthyr were one of the largest in the world
-when ironworks closed coal mining employed loads of men in the 20th century
-after coal mining declined in the 20th century a large hoover factory employed 5000 people
-the factory closed in 2009 putting 400 unemployed

Question 9

Part-time work

Answer 9

allows workers to fit in family responsibilities,study or do another job

Question 10

Flexi-time

Answer 10

allows workers to choose when to start and finish work within set limits

Question 11

Job-sharing

Answer 11

two people share the same job which allows workers to share the load of a full time job

Question 11

Zero-hours contract

Answer 11

an arrangement for people to be available for work but without fixed hours and without pay when there is no work

Question 11

Homeworking

Answer 11

allows workers to spend work time away from the workplace working from a computer

Question 11

Sub-contract

Answer 11

an outside company or self employed worker can be brought in to get a job done