Jurassic Coast Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the Jurassic Coast?

A

Coast of Dorset and East Devon

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2
Q

Where does the name ‘Jurassic’ come from?

A
  • From the age of the rocks
  • From the Triassic, Jurassic and cretaceous period
  • Spanning 185 million years
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3
Q

What is the coastline made up of?

A
  • Alternating layers of sedimentary rock
  • Which is why there is distinctive landscapes along the coast
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4
Q

Triassic period (250-200 million years ago)

A
  • Rocks were formed in desert conditions
  • Rivers flowing through the desert deposited thick layers of sediment
  • Rocks laid down in this period
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5
Q

Jurassic period (200-140 million years ago)

A
  • Sea levels rose flooding the desert
  • Sea life flourished in tropical seas
  • Thick layers of sandstone, clay and limestone were deposited
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6
Q

Cretaceous period (140-65 million years ago)

A
  • The sea level dropped
  • New rocks were formed in swamps and lagoons
  • Then earth movements tilted the rocks and the layers were eroded
  • Then sea covered the land again depositing more clay, sandstone and chalk
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7
Q

Quaternary period (2.6 million years ago to the present)

A
  • Erosion created hills and valleys in the landscape
  • Ice ages and changes in sea level took place
  • The last ice age ended 10,000 years ago
  • So sea levels rose to create the modern coastline
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8
Q

When and what was the Winter storm?

A
  • 5th February 2014
  • A huge storm battered the Devon and Dorset coast
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9
Q

What was the biggest impact from the winter storm?

A

The damage caused to the main railway line from Exeter to Plymouth that runs along the sea wall at Dawlish

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10
Q

What happened to the main railway line?

A
  • The track was left hanging in mid air
  • The line had to be closed for 2 months for emergency repairs
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11
Q

What other places were affected by the winter storm?

A
  • Portland Bill: buildings were damaged
  • West Bay: rock falls from the cliff so the coast retreated
  • Lyme Regis: pounded by waves but had defences
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12
Q

What makes up the West Bay?

A
  • Alternating layers of soft sandstone and harder sandy limestone
  • The cliffs can be easily eroded
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13
Q

What are the impacts of climate change?

A
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14
Q

Hard engineering

A
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15
Q

Soft engineering

A
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16
Q

Sea Wall

A
17
Q

Offshore reef

A
18
Q

Beach nourishment

A
18
Q

Groynes

A
19
Q

Rock armour

A
19
Q

Managed retreat

A
19
Q

What are the main options for a shoreline manag,ent p;an?

A
20
Q

What do you need to consider when choosing a shorline managment plan?

A
21
Q

Do nothing (smp)

A
22
Q

Hold the line (smp)

A
23
Q

Retreat the line (smp)

A
24
Q

Advance the line (smp)

A