UK/European case

Question 1

What did Ali (2013) suggest?

Answer 1

• Britain accepts lower skilled migrants as cheap labour rather than Canada
• Britain is closer to home countries of LEDC’s

Question 2

What did Khan (2005) suggest?

Answer 2

Highlighted family and irregular migration rise since the 1970’s
Over half of economic migrants left UK 5 years after entry
-Huge media shift in construction of migrants

Question 3

What did Madood (2011) say, does this related to Khan 2005?

Answer 3

• Family migration peaked in 2005 and steadily decreased

- More people in 2003/2009 living than working, but probs cuz of family migration

Question 4

What was 16th century migration home countries called?

Answer 4

‘Celtic fringes’

Question 5

Why did people leave Indian sub-continent?

Answer 5

Population boom, competition and opportunities for work

Question 6

Why did individuals leave Caribbean

Answer 6

post-independence, British influence and Britain had a labour shortage

Question 7

Which act was introduced in 1948?

Answer 7

-British Nationality Act 1948 (from Commonwealth) for work and settlement

Question 8

What did Phillips (2005) say on UK migration?

How do we tackle this?

Answer 8

‘sleep-walking into segregation’

Need integration and community cohesion

Question 9

What is the European legal citizenship based on?

Answer 9

1) On decent

2) On territory

Question 10

What is the French citizenship model based on?

Answer 10

• French Revolution (1789) > nation will not be based on culture
• All migrants offered full citizenship rights in exchange for allegiance to French republican values and political culture = civic-assimilationist model
• Migrants have to shed ethnic identity
• Compulsory assimilation into dominant French culture, linguistic homogenization and acceptance of political centralisation

Question 11

Protecting French Republican values or ‘illiberal liberalism’ examples and dates?

Answer 11

2005 – 2nd and 4rd North Africans protest against economic segregation and racism

2011- France banned face-veil in public spaces to uphold principles of equality and liberty

Question 12

What are some of the ideas of Germanic citizenship?

Answer 12

• Exclusive concept of nation based on notion of ‘kulturnation’
• 1970’s ‘guestworker’ programme brought Turkish, Italian and Yugoslavian migrants
• Turkish migrants not offered citizenship, descendants born in Germany also seen as ‘foreigners’
• Policy of ‘institutionalised separateness’
• Long-settled migrants given local-level rights – social services, education

Question 13

What is the cultural pluralistic policy in Germany, when was it?

Answer 13

1990’s – change in citizenship rules immigrants can become naturalised Germans; children born in German can become citizens
2006 – Islam confrenz – Ministry of Interior and Muslim religious and cultural representatives have met in bid to develop German Islam

Question 14

Name some points of the British citizenship model?

Answer 14

• Similar to German
• Multicultural concept of nation
• Easy access to British citizenship for immigrants
• Immigrants also encouraged to maintain ethnic/religious group identities
• ‘Race’ key basis for integration and equality through race relations act
• Multiculturalism adopted by national, local and civil society levels > until recently policy seen as success
• Problem of splitting up migrants to stop the creation of enclaves

Question 15

What is civic assimilation? which date and country is it linked to?

Answer 15

2001 urban disturbances in northern towns and events of 9/11 and 7/7 in New York and anti-multiculturalism discourse

Question 16

What is Murray’s (1992) new right perspective on this?

Answer 16

migration should be capped as it undermines labour and causes issues for countries

Question 17

What was Powell’s speech about?

Answer 17

River’s of blood - migration

Question 18

What did Charles Murray (1992) say about migration?

Answer 18

Causes social divisions in Western countries

Question 19

Hussain (2005) argued that?

Answer 19

South Asian female diaspora in UK create dual ethnicity

Question 20

How does hybridity play into this?

Answer 20

1st generational migrants create hybrid identities

Question 21

Explain middling migration and the American hour glass migration

Answer 21

middle skilled labour movement

High and low skilled migration to USA, usually associated with 20th century

Question 22

What does May (2007) mention about London?

Answer 22

London faces a new migrant division of labour

Question 23

What did Bass (2014) say about African migrants in France?

Answer 23

French on the inside, African on the outside

Question 24

What did Ali (2013) say about European racism?

Answer 24

1) old type racism based on skin colour

2) New type based on cultural background, namely islamophobia