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bading lang pwede mag click > ugh! ugh! ang sarap ng hemoflagellates > Flashcards

ugh! ugh! ang sarap ng hemoflagellates Flashcards

1
Q

Which hemoflagellate form is intracellular?

A

small trypomastigotes

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2
Q

Trypomastigotes can be recovered in the cardiac muscle of chronically infected patients with chagas disease?

T OR F

A

True

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3
Q

Is trypanosomiasis present in the philippines?

A

no. african trypanosomiasis nga, panong meron sa pinas?

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4
Q

True or false: the montenegro skin test is a diagnostic test for American trypanosomiasis

A

False. The Montenegro skin test, also known as the leishmanin skin test, is a diagnostic test for another parasitic disease called leishmaniasis, not American trypanosomiasis, which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi

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5
Q

Among the types of Leishmaniasis, which is
considered as an important opportunistic
infection in people living with AIDS?

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis

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6
Q

Hemoflagellates

give 5 hierarchy

A
  1. Subphylum mastigophora
  2. class zoomastigophora
  3. Order kinetoplastida
  4. genus trypanosoma
  5. genus leishmania
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7
Q

Generalities of hemoflagellates

A
  • include 2 genera of public health importance
  • organisms possess a kinetoplast
  • vector-borne parasites of huimans
  • consists of amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, and trypomastigote developmental stages
    ( APET )
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8
Q

Disease caused by trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A

West African Sleeping Sickness

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9
Q

Mode of transmission for trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A

Inoculation of the infective stage through the bite of tsetse flies (Glossina palpalis)

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10
Q

Where are amastigotes present in early infection of animals

A

Choroid plexus

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11
Q

Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A
  • localized edema in the choroid plexus
  • lymphoid hyperplasia
  • progressive leptomeningitis
  • immunosuppression
  • Winterbottom’s sign (WBS)
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12
Q

Diagnosis Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A
  • microscopic e3xam of chancre fluid, lymph node aspirates, bone marrow, and CSF
  • thick and thin blood smear
  • quantitative buffy coat (QBC)
  • isolation of parasites through inoculation of experimental rats
  • antibody detection
  • molecular detection
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13
Q

Treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A
  • Melarsoprol
  • suramin
  • pentamidine
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14
Q

Prevention & control for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A
  • vector control
  • wearing protective clothing
  • application insecticides
  • use of bed netting, insect repellants, and screening
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15
Q

Parasite that causes East african sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

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16
Q

MOT of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

A

inoculation of the infective stage through the bite of tsetse flies (glossine pallidipes and Glossina mortisans)

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17
Q

The more virulent form of HAT (human african trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

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18
Q

Pathogenesis of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

A
  • Shorter incubation period compared with WASS
  • Winterbottom sign may not be observed
  • Early involvement of CNS
  • Glomerulonephritis
19
Q

Disease caused: Chagas disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

20
Q

MOT of Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Contamination of infected fecus of reduviid bug

21
Q

Is transmitted through the saliva of reduviid bug.

A

T. rangeli

22
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi pathogenesis

A
  • severe in children less than 5 yrs old
  • chagoma
  • Romanas sign
  • gastrointestinal involvement
  • megaesophagus
  • megacolon
  • dilated cardiomyopathy
23
Q

Diagnosis of trypanosoma cruzi Acute:

A
  • microscopic examination of blood smears
  • microscopic examination of CSF
24
Q

Diagnosis of trypanosoma cruzi Chronic:

A
  • antigen detection (machado-guerreiro)
  • RIA
  • immunodiagnosis
  • molecular testing
25
Q

Treatment

A
  • nitrofurfurylidine derivative nifurtimox
  • benznidazole
  • allopurinol
26
Q

Epidemiology of trypanosoma cruzi

A
  • south america
  • the united states
27
Q

Prevention and control

A
  • vector control
  • construction of reduviid proof housing
  • spraying programs
  • potential vaccine development
28
Q

Leishmania species is divided into?

A

Old world and new world

29
Q

Leishmania spp. old world:

A

L. tropica, L. aethiopica, L. major

30
Q

Leishmania new world:

A

L. mexicana, L. amazonensis, L. guyanensis, L. braziliensis, L. chagasi

31
Q

Vector-borne (leishmania spp.) Old world:

A

Phlebotomus sandfly

32
Q

Vector-borne (leishmania spp.) new world:

A

Lutzomyia

33
Q

is leishmania spp. an obligate intracellular parasite? is it a zoonotic disease? SAGOT!

A

PAREHONG OO

34
Q

MOT of leishmania spp.

A

Congenitally, blood transfusions, contamination of bite wounds, direct contact with contaminated specimens

35
Q

Pathogenesis of leishmania spp. (4 categories)

A
  • cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL)
  • diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis(DCL)
  • mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL)
  • Visceral leishmaniasis (VL)
36
Q

Species of leishmania genus

A
  • L. donovani complex (L. donovani, L. chagasi, L. infantum)
37
Q

Acute phase of visceral leishmaniasis may be mistaken for?

A
  • malaria
38
Q

a dermatological condition that can occur after a person has been infected with the parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar.

A

Post-Kala-azar dermal

39
Q

parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis

A

Kala-Azar

40
Q

This species is responsible for causing visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar)

A

Leishmania donovani

41
Q

This species can cause both visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania infantum

42
Q

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis can cause

A
  • cutaneous eruption resulting in hypopigmented
    macules, malar erythema, nodules,
    and ulcerations
43
Q

Diagnosis for Leishmania spp.

A
  • microscopic
  • culture
  • animal inoculation (hamsteR)
  • montenegro skin test
  • immunologic assays
  • PCR
  • RFLP analysis
44
Q
A

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