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EM/Surg > UE Orthopedics (Exam #4) > Flashcards

UE Orthopedics (Exam #4) Flashcards

1
Q

What does SALTR stand for?

A
  • S = separation
  • A = above
  • L = lower
  • T = through
  • R = rammed/ruined (crush injury)
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2
Q

What SALTR is the most common?

A

TYPE II

KNOW THIS

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3
Q

What bone is most often involved in open fractures?

A

Tibia

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4
Q

What is the recommended tx for all open fractures? What may be added if contaminated?

A

Emergent IV Cephazolin

+ Aminoglycoside if contaminated

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5
Q

What two things can affect risk for Osteomyelitis?

A
  • Quality of surgical debridement

- Prophylactic abx

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6
Q

What is typically the MOI for Scapula Fracture?

A

HIGH energy injury (MVA, fall, direct trauma)

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7
Q

What are the two most common MOI for Proximal Humerus Fracture?

A
  • High energy trauma in young

- Fall in elderly

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8
Q

What dx criteria is used for Proximal Humerus Fracture?

A

Neer Classification

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9
Q

What nerve MUST be evaluated with a Humeral Shaft Fracture, and HOW is this done?

A

Radial n.

- Wrist drop (wrist extension with “motorcycle vroom vroom”)

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10
Q

What associated injury may be seen with a Humeral Shaft Fracture?

A

Forearm fracture (“floating elbow”)

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11
Q

What direction is more common with a Glenohumeral Dislocation?

A

ANTERIOR

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12
Q

What two tests can be used to evaluate for Glenohumeral Dislocation?

A
  • Sulcus sign

- Apprehension and Relocation test

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13
Q

What is the recommended tx for Glenohumeral Dislocation? What other tx is often added as adjunct?

A

IMMEDIATE reduction

- PT

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14
Q

What are two possible complications of an ANTERIOR Glenohumeral Dislocation?

A
  • Bankart Lesion

- Hills Sachs Lesion

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15
Q

What condition involves a anterior/inferior Labrum detaches from glenoid rim?

What is it a complication of?

A

Bankart Lesion

- Complication of an ANTERIOR Glenohumeral Dislocation

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16
Q

What condition involves a compression fracture or “dent” of the posterosuperolateral humeral head?

What is it a complication of?

A

Hills Sachs Lesion

- Complication of an ANTERIOR Glenohumeral Dislocation

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17
Q

What nerve may be affected with a Glenohumeral Dislocation?

How will this present for both motor AND sensory?

A

Axillary n.

  • Decreased sensation in lateral aspect of shoulder
  • Decreased abduction of deltoid
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18
Q

What sign indicates a possible elbow fracture?

A

Elbow Fat Pad Sign (“sail sign”)

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19
Q

Subluxation vs. Dislocation?

A
  • Subluxation = partial dislocation

- Dislocation = complete dislocation

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20
Q

What is the recommended tx for an Elbow Subluxation/Dislocation? What is an important factor in early tx?

A

IMMEDIATE reduction

- Early immobilization

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21
Q

What is an important consideration with a Forearm Fracture?

A

Evaluate for multiple injuries

  • Open fracture
  • 2 fractures
  • Fracture + dislocation
22
Q

What two bones are often affected with a Forearm Fracture? What other injury may be seen?

A

Radius and/or Ulna

- Clinical deformity with dislocation

23
Q

What injury presents with restricted ROM with supination and pronation?

A

Forearm Fracture

24
Q

What two movements are often restricted with a Forearm Fracture?

A
  • Supination

- Pronation

25
Q

What is the first line med tx for a NON-displaced Forearm Fracture?

A

NSAIDs

26
Q

What condition involves an ulnar or radial shaft fracture WITH radial head dislocation?

A

Monteggia Fracture

27
Q

What is a Monteggia Fracture?

A

Ulnar or radial shaft fracture WITH radial head dislocation

28
Q

Differentiate Colles Wrist Fracture from a Smith’s Wrist Fracture.

A
  • Colles = dorsal displacement (outward)

- Smith’s = volar displacement (inward)

29
Q

What condition involves a dorsal displacement at the wrist?

A

Colles Wrist Fracture

30
Q

What condition involves a “dinner fork” deformity?

A

Colles Wrist Fracture

31
Q

What condition involves a volar displacement at the wrist?

A

Smith’s Wrist Fracture

32
Q

What condition involves a distal radius fracture with disruption/dislocation at wrist ?

A

Galeazzi Fracture

33
Q

What is a Galeazzi Fracture?

A

Distal radius fracture with disruption/dislocation at wrist

34
Q

What is the most common carpal bone fractured in wrist?

A

Scaphoid

35
Q

What is the recommended dx for a Scaphoid Fracture, and what does this look like?

A

CLINICAL

- TTP of “anatomic snuffbox”

36
Q

What is a major complication of a Scaphoid Fracture, and what area of the Scaphoid specifically?

A

Avascular Necrosis

- Proximal aspect of scaphoid most at risk for AVN

37
Q

What is Avascular Necrosis, and what is it a complication of?

A

Complication of a Scaphoid Fracture

- Retrograde blood flow from dorsal and volar branches of Radial a.

38
Q

What direction of an IP Dislocation is more common?

A

Dorsal

39
Q

What is the MOA of a Subungual Hematoma?

A

Crush injury

40
Q

What tx is needed if there is an associated distal phalanx fracture with Subungual Hematoma?

A

Prophylactic abx

41
Q

What condition involves flexor tendon rupture (FDP)?

A

Jersey Finger

42
Q

What condition involves an inability to flex at the DIP joint?

A

Jersey Finger

43
Q

What condition involves extensor tendon rupture (DIP)?

A

Mallet Finger

44
Q

What condition involves an inability to extend at the DIP joint?

A

Mallet Finger

45
Q

What is the recommended tx for a Jersey Finger, and why?

A

SURGERY within 10-14 days

- Prevent tendon shortening

46
Q

What condition involves a fracture of the neck of 5th metacarpal?

A

Boxer’s Fracture

47
Q

What condition involves a fracture of the base of 1st metacarpal WITH extension into joint?

A

Bennett’s Fracture

48
Q

When reducing a Boxer’s Fracture, how much angulation is allowed?

What deformity should NOT be seen post-reduction?

A

Can allow up to 30 degree angulation

- NO rotational deformity

49
Q

What condition involves an MCP joint injury → ulnar collateral ligament tear and MCP joint instability?

A

Game Keepers Thumb/Skiers Thumb

50
Q

What is a Game Keepers Thumb/Skiers Thumb (2)?

A
  • Ulnar collateral ligament tear

- MCP joint instability

51
Q

What is a Boxer’s Fracture?

A

Fracture of neck of 5th metacarpal

52
Q

What is a Bennett’s Fracture?

A

Fracture of base of 1st metacarpal WITH extension into joint

EM/Surg (16 decks)

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