Burns (Exam #3) Flashcards
Which degree of burn involves epidermis only?
1st degree
Which degree of burn involves epidermis + partial dermis?
2nd degree
Which degree of burn involves epidermis + full dermis?
3rd degree
Which degree of burn involves epidermis + dermis + muscle/tendon/bone/blood vessels/nerves?
4th degree
Which degree of burn involves NO blisters, blanch with pressure?
1st degree
Which degree of burn involves blanch, moist, pink/blister?
Superficial 2nd degree
Which degree of burn involves moist, mottled color, NO blanch?
Deep 2nd degree
Which degree of burn involves dry, NO blanch, hard/leathery?
3rd degree
Which degree of burn involves black/charred, painless?
4th degree
What is the recommended tx for a 1st degree burn (3)?
- Cool with room temp. water
- Gentle cleanse
- Aloe vera
What is the recommended tx for a superficial 2nd degree burn (2)?
Petroleum-based moisturizer vs. Bacitracin
What is the recommended tx for a deep 2nd degree burn (2)?
ED
- Same as superficial unless eschar
- If eschar, use Silver Sulfadiazine
What is the recommended tx for a 3rd and 4th degree burn?
ED for surgery (debridement, grafting)
What is the recommended tx for a chemical burn?
Copious water irrigation
What is the recommended tx for an electrical burn? What two sxs may be seen?
Fluid resuscitation
- May see cardiac abnormalities
- May see muscle damage/rhabdo
What two sxs may be seen with a lightning burn?
- Fatal arrhythmias
- Respiratory failure
What is the recommended tx for a circumferential burn (2)? What condition are you at increased risk for?
Escharotomy vs. fasciotomy
- Increased risk for compartment syndrome (6 P’s)
What should be checked for suspected CO poisoning?
COHb
What should be checked for suspected cyanide poisoning?
Hydroxycobalamin (use Cyanokit)
What three sxs may be seen with smoke inhalation injury to the UPPER airway?
- Hoarse
- Stridor
- Substernal retractions
What four sxs may be seen with smoke inhalation injury to the LOWER airway?
- Tachypnea
- Dec. breath sounds
- Wheezing/rhonchi/rales
- Accessory muscle use
What is Parkland Resuscitation, and when should it be implemented?
If 20+% of TBSA…
- 4 mL of LR x kg x TBSA over 24 hours (1/2 of volume in first 8 hours, second 1/2 of volume in last 16 hours)
Why is nutrition care so important for burn tx?
Increased RMR = increased caloric demand
What two specific nutrition groups are you at increased need for with burn tx?
- Protein (2-3x normal)
- Vitamins (A, C, D, E, selenium, zinc)
What two sxs may be seen with Abdominal Compartment Syndrome?
- Decreased UOP
- Increased bladder pressure
What is the recommended tx for Abdominal Compartment Syndrome?
Decompressive laparotomy (if not reversible)
What two sxs are often seen with Tetanus?
- Sore throat with dysphasia
- Descending muscle rigidity
How might descending muscle rigidity with Tetanus present locally vs. generalized?
- Local = only affected limb
- Generalizer = trismus
What six conditions make a patient MORE prone to Tetanus?
- 6+ hours since event
- 1+ cm deep
- Contaminated
- Exposed to saliva/feces
- Avulsion/puncture/crush wound
- BURNS
