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EM/Surg > LE Orthopedics (Exam #4) > Flashcards

LE Orthopedics (Exam #4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of Pelvic Fracture, and what associated injury is often seen?

A

Posterior fracture

+/- femoral head dislocation

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2
Q

With Pelvic Fractures, what non-bone injuries may be seen?

A

Internal abdominal injuries

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3
Q

What is a major complication of Pelvic Fractures, and therefore, what two exams should be performed?

A

BLEEDING

  • Pelvic exam
  • Rectal exam
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4
Q

What is the gold standard dx test for Pelvic Fractures?

A

CT

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5
Q

What condition involves XR views of Judet views, inlet/outlet views?

A

Pelvic Fracture

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6
Q

What direction of Hip Dislocation is more common?

A

POSTERIOR

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7
Q

What condition involves PAIN, inability to WB; leg appears shorter?

A

Hip Dislocation

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8
Q

What nerve should be checked with a Hip Dislocation?

A

Sciatic n.

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9
Q

How does presentation of a POSTERIOR Hip Dislocation differ from an ANTERIOR Hip Dislocation (2)?

A
  • Posterior = fixed adduction, internal rotation

- Anterior = slight abduction, external rotation

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10
Q

What is the recommended tx for a Hip Dislocation, and in what time frame?

A

EMERGENT reduction within 6 hours

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11
Q

What type of fracture is associated with an increased risk of morbidity/mortality in elderly?

A

Proximal Femoral Fracture

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12
Q

What type of fracture are Femoral Neck Fractures?

A

Intracapsular

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13
Q

How does a Proximal Femoral Fracture present?

A
  • Abduction
  • External rotation

Opposite of posterior hip dislocation

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14
Q

What is a major consideration in the tx of a Proximal Femoral Fracture?

A

DVT prophylaxis

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15
Q

What condition requires severe trauma/force (vs. pathologic or fall in elderly); common in young males?

A

Femoral Shaft Fracture

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16
Q

What type of fracture should you consider abuse if in a non-ambulatory child?

A

Femoral Shaft Fracture

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17
Q

What is a major complication associated with Femoral Shaft Fractures?

A

Malunion/delayed union/nonunion

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18
Q

What type of dislocation is an Ortho EMERGENCY?

A

Knee Dislocation

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19
Q

What two non-bone injuries should be considered with a Knee Dislocation?

A
  • Neuro injury

- Vascular injury

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20
Q

What three dx tests should be ordered for a Knee Dislocation?

A
  • XR
  • CT
  • MRI

Need to evaluate nerves and vascular, not just bone

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21
Q

What is the recommended tx for a Knee Dislocation (2)?

A
  • EMERGENT reduction

- Surgery

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22
Q

What direction of Patellar Dislocation is more common?

A

Lateral

- There is less soft tissue to stabilize that side

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23
Q

What condition involves knee “gives way”, severe pain?

A

Patellar Dislocation

24
Q

What is the recommended tx for a Patellar Dislocation? What tx should be considered for more long-term?

A
  • Immediate reduction

- Knee immobilizer in FULL EXTENSION

25
Q

For what three injuries is immobilizer/cast/splint in FULL EXTENSION recommended as tx?

A
  • Patellar Dislocation
  • Patellar Fracture
  • Tibial Plateau Fracture
26
Q

What two conditions involves knee fixed in knee flexion, deformity, swelling, hemarthrosis?

A
  • Patellar Dislocation

- Patellar Fracture

27
Q

What type of fracture should be considered with a Tibial Plateau Fracture?

A

OPEN

28
Q

What is often the recommended tx for a Patellar Fracture?

A

Cast/splint in FULL EXTENSION

29
Q

What is often the recommended tx for a Tibial Plateau Fracture?

A

Cast/splint in FULL EXTENSION

30
Q

What are the two most common MOI for Ankle Fractures?

A
  • Inversion injury

- Eversion injury

31
Q

What condition involves the Ottawa Ankle Rules, and what does it involve (__ AND 1+ of (3))?

A

Ankle Fractures

Malleolar tenderness AND 1+ of…

  • Posterior fibula pain
  • Posterior distal tibia pain
  • Inability to WB
32
Q

What are the three types of Malleolar Fractures, and what are two different combinations that you may see?

A

Medial, Lateral, Posterior

  • Bimalleolar = Medial + Lateral
  • Trimalleolar = all three
33
Q

What type of Ankle Fracture is often seen in PEDS; involves joint so emergent?

A

Tilleaux/Triplane Fractures

34
Q

What is the most common type of Metatarsal Fractures in adults?

A

5th Metatarsal

35
Q

What type of Metatarsal Fracture is at risk of non-union?

A

Jones fracture

36
Q

What is often the recommended tx for Metatarsal Fractures?

A

Conservative (CAM boot or cast)

37
Q

What condition involves fracture AND dislocation of 1st and 2nd TMT?

A

Lisfranc Injury

38
Q

What is a Lisfranc Injury (2)?

A

Fracture AND dislocation of 1st and 2nd TMT

39
Q

What condition involves mid foot pain and is dx with an XR WITH WB?

A

Lisfranc Injury

40
Q

What sxs is seen with a Lisfranc Injury, and what is the recommended dx test?

A

Mid foot pain

- Dx with XR WITH WB

41
Q

What is often the recommended tx for a Lisfranc Injury?

A

Surgery

42
Q

What condition involves MOI is high impact (ex. fall from high height)?

A

Calcaneus Fracture

43
Q

What body part is most commonly affected with Compartment Syndrome, and what specific section?

A

Lower leg

- Anterior compartment

44
Q

What condition involves the 6 P’s and what are they?

A

Compartment Syndrome

  • PAIN (out of proportion)
  • Paresthesias
  • Pallor
  • Pulselessness (late)
  • Poikilothermia (late)
  • Paralysis (late)
45
Q

What condition involves PAIN OUT OF PROPORTION, often paresthesias and pallor?

A

Compartment Syndrome

46
Q

What is the dx of Compartment Syndrome?

A

CLINICAL

- Dx that shit and get treatin

47
Q

What is the recommended tx for Compartment Syndrome, and WHY?

A

Fasciotomy

- To relieve pressure (at least the answer for this one was actually in the slides :))

48
Q

What tx should be considered for Compartment Syndrome IF late dx (8+ hours)?

A

Amptutation

49
Q

What condition involves irreversible cartilage destruction?

A

Septic Arthritis

50
Q

What is the most common joint affected with Septic Arthritis in adults?

A

Knee

51
Q

What pathogen is most commonly seen with Septic Arthritis? What other pathogen may be seen in conjunction?

What pathogen is second most common?

A

Staphylococcus aureus +/- MRSA

- Strep = 2nd

52
Q

What dx test is gold standard for Septic Arthritis?

A

PROMPT arthrocentesis

53
Q

With Septic Arthritis in PEDS, which two joints are most often affected?

A
  • Knee

- Hip

54
Q

If the hip is affected by Septic Arthritis in PEDS, what PE finding will be seen?

A

FABER position

55
Q

What is the most common cause of PEDS hip pain?

A

Septic Arthritis

EM/Surg (16 decks)

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