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2nd Sem Midterm rev > Ucsp Rev > Flashcards

Ucsp Rev Flashcards

1
Q

scientific study of man or human
beings.

A

Anthropology

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2
Q

the study of human

A

Cultural Anthropology

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3
Q

are culture,
cultural relativism, fieldwork, human diversity,
holism, bio-cultural focus.

A

Anthropological perspectives

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4
Q

the study of human social
relationships and institutions

A

Sociology

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5
Q

introduces the
discipline of sociology, including its history,
questions, theory, and scientific methods; and
what distinguishes it from other social science
disciplines.

A

Sociological perspective

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6
Q

Three Major Theoretical Perspectives:

A
  1. Functionalist perspective
  2. Conflict perspective
  3. Symbolic interaction perspective.
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7
Q

a social science that deals with
humans and their interactions; it essentially
deals with the large-scale actions of humans,
and group mentality

A

Political Science

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8
Q

studies the
tendencies and actions of people which cannot
be easily quantified or examined.

A

Political science perspective

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9
Q

a group of people with common
territory, interaction, and culture. The definition
of society has two types: the functional
definition and the structural definition.

A

Society:

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10
Q

a group of people with common
territory, interaction, and culture. The definition
of society has two types: the functional
definition and the structural definition.

A

Society:

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11
Q

Reasons people live together as a society:

A
  1. For survival
  2. Feeling of gregariousness
  3. Specialization
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12
Q

Characteristics of Society

A
  1. It is a social system
  2. It is relatively large
  3. It socializes its members and from those from
    without
  4. It endures, produces and sustains its
    members for generations.
  5. It holds its members through a common
    culture
  6. It has clearly-defined geographical territory
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13
Q

Major Functions of Society:

A
  1. It provides a system of socialization
  2. It provides the basic needs of its members
  3. It regulates and controls people’s behavior
  4. It provides the means of social participation
  5. It provides mutual support to the members
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14
Q

Ways by which a society is dissolved:

A
  1. When the people kill each other through civil
    revolution
  2. When an outside force exterminates the
    members of the society
  3. When the members become apathetic
    among themselves or have no more sense of
    belongingness
  4. When a small society is absorbed by a
    stronger and larger society by means of
    conquest or territorial absorption
  5. When an existing society is submerged in
    water killing all the people and other living
    things in it
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15
Q

shared patterns of behavior and
associated meanings that people learn and
participate in within the groups to which they
belong.

A

Culture

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16
Q

rich diversity in social
patterns that different human group exhibit
around the world.

A

Cultural Variation

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17
Q

patterns or traits that are
globally common to all societies.

A

Cultural Universals:

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18
Q

Characteristics of Culture

From the Perspective of Sociologists:

A
  1. Dynamic, flexible and adaptive
  2. Shared and maybe challenged
  3. Learned through socialization or
    enculturation
  4. Patterned social interactions
  5. Learned through socialization or
    enculturation
  6. Requires language and other forms of
    communication
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19
Q

From the Perspective of Anthropologist:

A
  1. Learned
  2. Symbolic
  3. Systemic and Integrated
  4. Shared
  5. Encompassing
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20
Q

Functions of Culture:

A
  1. It serves as the “trademark” of the people in
    the society
  2. It gives meaning and direction to one’s
    existence
  3. It promotes meaning to individual’s existence
  4. It predicts social behavior
  5. It unifies diverse behavior
  6. It provides social solidarity
  7. It establishes social personality
  8. It provides systematic behavioral pattern
  9. It provides social structure category
  10. It maintains the biological functioning of the
    group
  11. It offers ready-made solutions to man’s
    material and immaterial problems
  12. It develops man’s attitude and values and
    gives him a conscience.
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21
Q

Elements of Culture

A

Symbols
Language
Technology
Values
Beliefs
Norms

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22
Q

anything that is used to stand for
something else. It is anything that gives
meaning to the culture.

A

Symbols

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23
Q

known as the storehouse of
culture.

A

Language

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24
Q

application of knowledge and
equipment to ease the task of living and
maintaining the environment.

A

Techhnology

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25
Q

culturally defined standards for what
is good or desirable.

A

Values

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26
Q

conceptions or ideas of people have
about what is true in the environment around
them like what is life, how to value it and how
one’s believed on the value of life relate with
his or her interaction with others and the world.

A

Beliefs

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27
Q

specific rules/standards to guide for
appropriate behavior.

A

Norms

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28
Q

There are two types of
norms.

A

➔ Proscriptive norm
➔ Prescriptive norm

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29
Q

(discouraging negative behavior; for example, “do not cheat”).
those that express what people should not do

A

Proscriptive Norm

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30
Q

(encouraging positive behavior; for example,
“be honest”) prescriptive (or injunctive) norms state what people.

A

Prescriptive Norms

31
Q

three forms of norms.

A

Mores
Folkways
Laws

32
Q

behaviors that are learned and
shared by a social group that we often refer to
as “customs” in a group that are not morally
significant, but they can be important for social
acceptance.
- No serious Consequences kung hnd sinunod
(hnd ikkamatay & hnd ka nmn makukulong)

A

Folkways

33
Q

are norms of morality, or right and
wrong, and if you break one it is often
considered offensive to most people of a
culture. Sometimes a more violation can also be
illegal, but other times it can just be offensive.
- Control of moral and ethical behavior
- Standards na dapat sundan

A

Mores

34
Q

are norms that are actually defined as
being legal or illegal. The government has
decided these norms are so important that you
could get in trouble for breaking them.
- Same w/ Mores, both talks about Control of
moral and ethical behavior
- Written Rules

A

Laws

35
Q

Components of Culture

A

Material Culture
Non Material Culture

36
Q

refers to the physical objects,
resources, and spaces that people use to define
their culture.

A

Material Culture

37
Q

refers to the nonphysical
ideas that people have about their culture,
including beliefs values, rules, norms, morals,
language, organizations and institutions.

A

Non Material Culture

38
Q

Adaptation of Culture

A

Parallelism
Diffusion
Convergence
Fission
Acculturation
Assimilation
Accommodation

39
Q

same culture may take place in
two or more different places.

A

Parallelism

40
Q

refers to those behavioral patterns
that pass back and forth from one culture to
another.

A

Diffusion

41
Q

qtakes place when two or more
cultures are fused or merged into one culture
making it different from the original culture.

A

Convergence

42
Q

takes place when people break away
from their original culture and start developing
a different culture of their own.

A

Fission

43
Q

process wherein individuals
incorporate the behavioral patterns of other
cultures into their own either voluntarily or by

A

Acculturation

44
Q

when the culture of a larger
society is adopted by a smaller society, that
smaller society assumes some of the culture of
the larger society or cost society.

A

Assimilation

45
Q

when the larger society and
smaller society are able to respect and tolerate
each other’s culture even if there is already a
prolonged contact of each other’s culture.

A

Accommodation

46
Q

Variation between Cultures

A

Ethnocentrism
Culture Shock
Culture Relativism

47
Q

the regard that one’s
own culture and society is the center of
everything and seen as the most
efficient and superior among the
cultures in the world.

A

Ethnocentrism

48
Q

feeling of disoriented,
uncertain, out of place or even fearful
when immersed in an unfamiliar
culture.feeling of disoriented,
uncertain, out of place or even fearful
when immersed in an unfamiliar
culture.

A

Culture Shock

49
Q

the practice by
assessing a culture by its own standards
rather that viewing it through the lens
of one’s own culture. It has its
advantages:

A

Culture Relativism
➔ It promotes cooperation
➔ Respect and equality is encouraged
➔ It preserves human cultures
➔ Cultural relativism creates a society
without judgement.

50
Q

Other Important Terms Related to Culture

A
  1. Cultural diversity
  2. Sub-culture
  3. Culture Lag
  4. Culture Shock
  5. Ideal Culture
  6. Real Culture
  7. High Culture
  8. Popular Culture
  9. Culture Change
51
Q

a natural process of biological
changes occurring in a population across
successive generations.

A

Evolution

52
Q

“Manlike Primates”

A

Hominids

53
Q

“Handy Man”

A

Homo Habilis

54
Q

“The Upright Man”

A

Homo Erectus

55
Q

“The Thinking Man”

A

Homo Sapiens

56
Q

Four Biological Capacity of Human to Develop
Culture

A

➔ Our thinking capacity
➔ Our gripping capacity
➔ Our speaking capacity
➔ Our walking/standing capacity

57
Q

Cultural Period

A

➔ Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)
➔ Neolithic Age (New Stone Age)
➔ Age of Metals

58
Q

Use of simple pebble tools.
Learned to live in caves.
Discovered the use of fires.
Developed small sculptures; and monumental painting, incised designs, and reliefs on the wall of caves”Food-collecting cultures”

A

Paleolithic Age (old stone age)
3 million years to 8,000 B.C.

59
Q

Settlement in permanent villages.
Dependence on domesticated plants or animals.
Appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving.
“Food-producing cultures”

A

Neolithic Age (New Stone Age)
occurred sometime in 10,000 BCE

60
Q

The used of metal such as bronze, copper, and iron produced a new historical development form cradles civilization of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, including India and China which later on spread throughout Asia.
The civilization which defines to a more developed social, cultural, political and economic system.
It had already direct contacts through tribes, kingdoms, empire and later on state which the constant political activities were through conquest, wars and trade.

A

Age of Metal
4,000 - 1,500 B.C.

61
Q

Types of Society

A

➔ Hunting and Gathering Society
➔ Horticultural and Pastoral Society
➔ Agrarian Society
➔ Industrial Society

62
Q

Very simple - fire, arrow, baskets
Bare necessities no surplus
Nomadic 25-40 people
All resting within Family

A

Hunting and Gathering Society

63
Q

Digging sticks, occasionally blade tools.
Semi- permanent - some cities occasionally kingdoms.

A

Horticultural And Pastoral Society

64
Q

Irrigation, Fertilization, Metallurgy, Animal-drawn plow.
Permanent urbanization becoming important, empires covering continent.

A

Agrarian Society

65
Q

Advance sources of energy; Mechanized production.
Complex set of interdependent institutions.

A

Industrial Society

66
Q

refers to the culture, language, social
structures and one’s position within that
particular society.
➔ Gender Stereotypes
➔ Race

A

Context

67
Q

comprise the work of
socialization.

A

Content and Process

68
Q

the outcome of socialization and
refer to the way a person conceives and
conducts after undergoing this process.

A

Results

69
Q

WHO DECIDES WHAT IS GOOD FOR THE
SOCIETY?

A

Human Dignity, Rights, and the Common Good

70
Q

respect and acknowledge of an
individual person, a human being.

A

Human Dignity

71
Q

legal, social, ethical principles of
freedom or entitlement; are the fundamental
normative rules about what is allowed of
people or owed to people, according to some
legal system.

A

Human Rights

72
Q

the sum of those conditions of
social life which allow social groups and their
individual members, relatively thorough and
ready to access to their own fulfillment.

A

Common Good

73
Q

Devians Typology by?

A

Robert K. Merton

2nd Sem Midterm rev (7 decks)

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