Applied research

Question 1

‘‘Research is to see what nobody else has seen,
and to think what nobody else has thought”

Answer 1

Albert Szent-Gyorgi

Question 2

is a procedure by which we attempt
to find systematically, and with the support of
demonstrable fact, the answer to a question or
the solution of a problem

Answer 2

Research (Leedy, 1989).

Question 3

Research is the systematic, controlled,
empirical and critical investigation of
hypothetical propositions about presumed
relations among natural phenomena

Answer 3

(Kerlinger, 1970)

Question 4

Research is a process of steps used to collect
and analyze information to increase our
understanding of a topic or issue

Answer 4

(Creswell).

Question 5

Research is a process of gathering data to
solve a particular or specific problem in
scientific manner

Answer 5

(Halpin, 1996).

Question 6

Research is a careful, critical, disciplined
inquiry, varying in technique and method
according to the nature and conditions of the
problem identified, directed toward the
clarification or resolution of the problem

Answer 6

(Good and Scates, 1972).

Question 7

c. It follows an orderly and
sequential procedure that leads to the discovery of
the truth or solution

Answer 7

Researchh is systematic

Question 8

All the procedures
employed and data gathered are perceived in the
same manner by all observers.

Answer 8

research is empirical

Question 9

The data of all
researchers have to be analyzed, presented, and
interpreted

Answer 9

research is analytical

Question 10

All the findings
and conclusions are logically based on empirical
data

Answer 10

Research is objective and logical

Question 11

Experimental
research requires hypothesis that need to be tested.

Answer 11

research employs hypothesis

Question 12

Data are
transformed into numerical measures and are treated
statistically to determine their significance or
usefulness.

Answer 12

Research employs statistical methods

Question 13

Except in historical
research, data are gathered from primary sources or
first-hand sources and not from secondary sources

Answer 13

research is original work

Question 14

Only experts use
valid data, carefully designed procedures, and valid
research instrument.

Answer 14

Research is done by an expert

Question 15

A research carelessly done due to racing against time
may lead to incorrect findings and shaky
conclusions

Answer 15

Research is a patient and unhurried activity

Question 16

Research involves much work, time, personnel, and
money.

Answer 16

research requires an effort making capacity

Question 17

Characteristics of research

Answer 17

research is systematic
Research is Empirical
Research is analytical
research is objective and logical
research employs hypothesis
research employs statistical methods
research is original work
research is done by an expert
research is a patient and unhurried activity
research requires an effort -making capacity
research requires courage

Question 18

At times, the
researcher encounters public disapproval,
frustration, undergo hazards, sleepless nights, etc.
But, despite of these problems, the researcher
should be brave enough to finish and pursue the
effort started.

Answer 18

Research require courage

Question 19

Ethics in Research

Answer 19

1.Minimize the risk of harm
2. Get permission/obtain informed consent
3. Protect anonymity and confidentiality
4. Honesty.
5. Objectivity
6. Integrity
7. Carefulness.
8. Openness.
9. Respect for Intellectual Property.
10. Confidentiality.
11. Responsible Publication.
12. Responsible Mentoring.
13. Respect for colleagues.
14. Social Responsibility.
15. Non-Discrimination.
16. Competence
17. Legality.
18. Animal Care.
19. Human Subjects Protection.

Question 20

“Planning is bringing the future into the present
so that you can do something about it now.”

Answer 20

Alan Lakein

Question 21

Based on Application of Research Method

Answer 21

a. Pure Research
b. Applied Research

Question 22

Four types of research

Answer 22

1. Based on Application of Research Method
2. Based on Purpose of the Research
3. Based on the Types of Data Needed
4. Data you deal with research

Question 23

deals with concepts, principles,
or abstract things. It aims to increase your
knowledge about something

Answer 23

Pure research

Question 24

– to apply your chosen
research to societal problems or issues, finding
ways to make positive changes in society.

Answer 24

applied research

Question 25

Based on Purpose of the Research

Answer 25

Descriptive Research Correlational Research Explanatory Research Exploratory Research Action Research

Question 26

– defining or giving portrayal or picture of a person , thing, event, group, situation, etc.

Answer 26

Desrciptive research

Question 27

shows relationships or connectedness of two factors, circumstances, or agents called variables that affect the research.

Answer 27

Correlation research

Question 28

elaborates or explains not just the reasons behind the relationship of two factors but also the way in which such relationships exist.

Answer 28

Explanatory research

Question 29

to find out how reasonable or possible it is to conduct a research study on a certain topic. - is a methodology approach that explores research questions that have not previously been studied in depth. – It is often used when the issue you're studying is new, or the data collection process is challenging in some way.

Answer 29

Exploratory Research

Question 30

an ongoing practice of a school, organization, community or institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring improvements in the system

Answer 30

Action Research

Question 31

Based on the Types of Data Needed

Answer 31

. Qualitative Research Quantitative Research –

Question 32

requires non-numerical data to express the results, the inquiry of the investigation about people’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and lifestyles regarding the object of the study.

Answer 32

Qualitative Research

Question 33

– involves measurement of data. It presents research findings referring to the number of frequency of something in numerical forms (percentages, fractions, numbers)

Answer 33

Quantitative

Question 34

Data you deal with research

Answer 34

Primary Data Secondary Data

Question 35

APPROACHES TO RESEARCH

Answer 35

a. Scientific or Positive Approach b. Naturalistic approach c. Triangulation Approach

Question 36

uses words to express data. These are data that express truths about the way people perceive or understand the world.

Answer 36

Naturalistic Approach

Question 37

combining scientific and naturalistic approach. You are free to gather and analyze data using multiple methods. It gives you the opportunity to view every angle of the research from different perspectives

Answer 37

Triangular Approach

Question 38

– discover and measure information as well as observe and control variables in an impersonal manner. It allows control of variables.

Answer 38

Scientific or positive approach

Question 39

a. Will it harm participants? b. Will it cause discomfort and distress? c. Will it exploit social disadvantage? d. Will it harm the identify and anonymity of the respondents e. Will it cause financial burden to all the participants

Answer 39

Minimize the risk of harm

Question 40

a. Participants/informants are volunteers b. Write a letter c. Permission to go undercover d. Cite and refer

Answer 40

Get permission/ obtain informed consent

Question 41

Data privacy act of 2012

Answer 41

Protect anonymity and confidentiality

Question 42

Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Do not deceive colleagues, sponsors, or the public. a. Making false promises to informants/respondents b. fake data

Answer 42

Honesty

Question 43

Strive to avoid bias in data analysis, data interpretation, personnel decisions, expert testimony, and other aspects of research where objectivity is expected or required. Avoid or minimize self-deception

Answer 43

Objectivity

Question 44

. Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action.

Answer 44

Integrity

Question 45

. Avoid careless errors and negligence. Keep good records of research activities, such as data collection, research design, and correspondence with agencies or journals.

Answer 45

Carefulness

Question 46

Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.

Answer 46

openness

Question 47

Honour patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give proper acknowledgment or credit for all contributions to research. Never plagiarize

Answer 47

Respect of intellectual property

Question 48

Protect confidential communications, such as personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.

Answer 48

Confidentiality

Question 49

. Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance just your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.

Answer 49

Responsible publication

Question 50

Help to educate, and advise students. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions.

Answer 50

Responsible mentoring

Question 51

s. Respect your colleagues and treat them fairly.

Answer 51

Respect for colleagues

Question 52

Strive to promote social good and prevent social harms.

Answer 52

Social responsibility

Question 53

Avoid discrimination against people on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors not related to scientific competence.

Answer 53

Non discrimination

Question 54

Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning

Answer 54

Competence

Question 55

Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies

Answer 55

Legality

Question 56

Show proper respect for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary animal experiments.

Answer 56

Animal Care

Question 57

Minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity and privacy; and strive to distribute the benefits and burdens of research fairly.

Answer 57

Human Subject Protection