UCSP Flashcards
1
Q
Focused on asking probing, sometimes humiliating
questions in order to learn.
A
Socrates
2
Q
Known as a Father of Western Philosophy.
A
Socrates
3
Q
“The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing”
A
Socrates
4
Q
Student of Socrates.
A
Plato
5
Q
Believed in immortality of the
soul.
A
Plato
6
Q
asserts the physical world is not really the “real” world
A
Plato’s Theory of Forms
7
Q
ultimate reality exists beyond our physical world, and he discuss
this theory in different dialogues,
including the most famous one, called “The Republic”
A
Plato
8
Q
A champion of reason and believed in avoiding extremes.
A
Aristotle
9
Q
He is regarded as
the father of
“Political Science”.
A
Aristotle
10
Q
A great Greek philosopher and he
was the first one to give a working
definition of political science and he believed that it was a powerful
and dynamic branch of science.
A
Aristotle
11
Q
The study of human
society and social
relationships
A
Social Science
12
Q
Branch of science that
deals with human behavior
in its social and cultural
aspects.
A
Social Science
13
Q
The _________ was considered to be an era of ignorance wherein reasons and justifications were grounded on faith instead of facts
A
Dark’ Ages
14
Q
The _________ was a historical phase in time wherein philosophers needed
to cast and ignite wisdom (knowledge) on society
A
Age of Enlightenment
15
Q
What are the branches of Core Social Sciences?
A
- Sociology
- Anthropology
- Political Science
16
Q
The study of society, patterns of interactions, social life, social change, and social causes and consequences of human behavior.
A
Sociology
17
Q
A branch of the social sciences that uses systematic methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop and refine a body of knowledge about human social structure and activity.
A
Sociology
18
Q
The two levels of Sociology
A
Microsociology and Macrosociology
19
Q
Individual interactions
A
Microsociology
20
Q
Society as a whole
A
Macrosociology
21
Q
First woman sociologist and known as “Mother of sociology”
A
Harriet Martineau
22
Q
She wrote Household Education in
____, lamenting the state of women’s education.
A
Harriet Martineau, 1848
23
Q
She believed women had a natural inclination to motherhood and believed domestic work went hand in hand with academia for a proper, well-rounded education.
A
Harriet Martineau
24
Q
among the first scholars to
apply the methods of the physical
sciences to the study of society.
A
Auguste Comte
25
He coined the word sociology and is considered the founder of the
subject.
Auguste Comte
26
He is the Father of Sociology.
Auguste Comte
27
He focused on the areas of social
order and social change.
Auguste Comte
28
The law of three stages (According to Comte)
1. Theological Stage
2. Metaphysical Stage
3. Scientific or Positivist Stage
29
people took a religious view of society.
theological stage
30
people understood society as natural (not supernatural)
metaphysical stage
31
society would governed with reliable knowledge and be understood in the light of the knowledge and would be understood in the light of the knowledge produced by science, primarily sociology.
scientific or positivist stage
32
A philosopher, economist, political
theorist, sociologist, journalist and
revolutionary socialist
Karl Marx
33
His most important contribution was the theory of history called “The Materialist Conception of History”, basically taken as the “Common Sense” view of history
Karl Marx
34
What theory is the significant contribution of Karl Marx?
Conflict Theory
35
French sociologist commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science
Emile Durkheim
36
His major contribution was his study on religion together with his study on division on labor in society and how it effects solidarity
Emile Durkheim
37
He is a major proponent of structural functionalism.
Emile Durkheim
38
German sociologist and political economist best known for his thesis of the “Protestant Ethic” relating Protestantism to capitalism, and for his ideas on bureaucracy
Max Weber
39
His social action theory states that all human actions, or social cations, are informed by the unique experiences, desires, and contexts that every human interacts with.
Max Weber
40
Latin word meaning “the
study of humanity.
Anthropologia
41
Greek word which means
“human being”
Anthropos
42
The study of human kind in all its aspects: Cultures and Development
Anthropology
43
The study of human biological and
physiological characteristics and their evolution.
Anthropology
44
What are the four major branches of anthropology?
1. Archaeology
2. Biological Anthropology
3. Cultural Anthropology
4. Linguistic Anthropology
45
examines peoples and cultures of the past.
Archaeology
46
specializes in evolution, genetics, and health.
Biological Anthropology
47
studies human societies and elements of cultural life.
Cultural Anthropology
48
is a concentration of cultural
anthropology that focuses on language in society.
Linguistic Anthropology
49
Also called government
Political Science
50
The study of government and how they work
Political Science
51
The branch of knowledge that deals with systems of
government as well as the analysis of political activity
and behavior
Political Science
52
A social science dealing with political institutions and
with principles and conduct of government
Political Science
53
What are the 6 Scope of Political Science?
State
Political System
Government
Sovereignty
Liberty
Political Behavior
54
It helps us to express
and convey message on
its easiest form.
Language
55
It express our emotions
and personality
Arts
56
A features of our achievements as a human or society
Culture
57
Intricate system that can be manifested by our beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, and knowledge.
Culture
58
What are the 5 aspects of Culture from the Perspective of Sociologists?
- Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive
- Patterned Social Interactions
- Shared and Contested
- Requires Language
- Learned through Socialization and Enculturation
59
What are the 5 aspects of Culture from the Perspective of Anthropologists?
- Learned
- Symbolic
- Systematic and Integrated
- Shared
- Encompassing
60
The 3 Elements of Culture
1. Knowledge
2. Beliefs
3. Social Norms
61
any information received
knowledge
62
accepted reality
beliefs
63
established expectation of society
social norms
64
The 4 Forms of Social Norms
1. Folkways
2. Mores
3. Values
4. Technologies
65
The types of culture
Non-material Culture (Intangibles)
Material Culture (Tangibles)
66
Ideas
Languages and Symbols
Religions/Beliefs
Behaviors/Gestures/Habits
Non-material Culture (Intangibles)
67
Tools
Foods
Fashions
Architectural Structures
Material Culture (Tangibles)
68
The 5 Components of Culture
1. Symbols
2. Languages
3. Values
4. Beliefs
5. Norms
69
physical or non-physical
symbols
70
used for communication (verbal or written)
languages
71
Help define acceptable behavior within the society
values
72
Fulfill the spiritual needs of a culture
beliefs
73
Rules and traditions; proper conduct
norms
74
Types of Norms
Proscriptive and Prescriptive Norms
75
defines and tells us things not to do
Proscriptive Norms
76
defines and tells us things to do
Prescriptive Norms
77
Orientations in Viewing Other Cultures
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
78
Beliefs that one’s
own culture is better
than the rest.
Ethnocentrism
79
Chooses to view and
consider other cultures in terms of
what their practices bring to them.
Cultural Relativism
80
Modes od Acquiring Culture
Imitation
Indoctrination or Suggestion
Conditioning
81
Children and adults alike have the
tendency to imitate the values, attitudes, language and all other things in their social environment.
Imitation
82
This may take the form of
formal training or informal
teaching.
Indoctrination or Suggestion
83
The values, beliefs, and attributes of other people are acquired
through conditioning.
Conditioning
84
Some parts of the society do
not change as fast as with
other parts and they are left
behind.
Culture Lag
85
Unsure to act as a consequence
of being outside the symbolic web
of culture that bonds others.
Culture Shock
86
Refers to the cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population.
Popular Culture
87
The manner by which culture evolves
Culture Change
88
Cultural patterns that strongly
opposed those widely accepted within a society.
Counter Culture
89
Refers to the cultural patterns that
distinguish a society’s elite.
High Culture
90
Complex network people that are
interconnected.
Society
91
composed of a group of people who share a defined territory and a culture.
Society
92
Organized group (Culture) of people that shares a common interest or goals.
Society
93
Major Functions of Society
- It provides a system of socialization.
- It regulates and controls people’s behavior.
- It provides the means
of social participation.
- It provides mutual support
to the members.
- It provides the basic
needs of its members.
94
Reasons why people live together as a society
for survival
feeling of gregariousness
specialization
95
Types of Societies
1. Hunting and gathering societies
2. Horticultural Society
3. Pastoral Society
4. Agricultural Society
5. Industrial Society
6. Post-Industrial Society
96
Society that survives by hunting animals and gathering edible
plants.
hunting and gathering societies
97
Society that survives through the growing of plants
horticultural society
98
Society in which food is obtain by raising and taking care of animals
pastoral society
99
Society that uses plows and draft
animals in growing food
agricultural society
100
Society that depends on science and technology to produce
its basic goods and services
industrial society
101
Society marked by a transition from a manufacturing - based
economy to a service - based economy, a transition that is also
connected with subsequent societal restructuring.
post-industrial society
102
variations or modifications in the social patterns
social change
103
what are the variations or modifications in social patterns
politics
economy
calamities
health
geographic
climate
104
cultural change, the alteration to the elements of culture
social change
105
father of evolution
charles darwin
106
Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
charles darwin
107
Species can change over time, that new species come from pre-existing species, and that all species share a common ancestor.
charles darwin
108
a natural process of biological changes occurring in a population across successive generations.
evolution
109
It helps us identify and analyze man’s physiological development and eventually the emergence of different society.
evolution
110
Most scientists currently recognize some __ to __ different species of early humans.
15 - 20
111
An object recovered by archaeological endeavor, which may be a cultural artifact having cultural interest.
artifact
111
Species that also called as “HANDY MAN”
homo habilis
111
It is an object remaining from a particular period.
artifact
112
Something made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art.
artifact
113
Species with a brain with the area that associated with speech with modern humans and they can already make stone tools
homo habilis
114
Have the ability to make and use tools
homo habilis
115
Species considered as the first true human
homo habilis
116
Lived about 2.4 to 1.4million years ago
homo habilis
117
they are scavengers
homo habilis
118
Brain size is ____ the size of the modern human.
half
119
They were made by Homo Habilis, and also by early homo erectus. It is the part of the Lower Paleolithic Age of technological development.
Oldowan Tools
120
The two main types of Oldowan tools
Core tools and Flake Tools
121
were made by using a rock as a hammer (hammering or digging)
core tools
122
were used as knives. They were used, for example, to butcher animals.
flake tools
123
also as “UPRIGHT MAN”
homo erectus
124
They are the first homo to be considered to use the spoken language
homo erectus
125
homo erectus, ____ thousand years ago
143
126
They adapted hot climate and already spread in Africa and Asia
homo erectus
127
First hunters that improvised tools such as axes and knives
homo erectus
128
They are also the first species that introduced the fire
homo erectus
129
More, skillful hunters, intelligent, and adaptable.
homo erectus
130
Homo erectus developed a more complex tool from what they inherited from Homo habilis.
Acheulian Tools
131
Homo erectus created _______ that were bifacial, shaped in both sides and with straighter and sharper edges.
hand axes
132
______ were used in multiple activities such as light, chopping of woods, digging up roots and butchering animals, cracking nuts and small bones.
hand axes
133
They making shelters, food gatherers, eat plants and fruits, they use fire and they crafted metals already
homo sapiens
134
Adapted to winter climates
homo sapiens (neanderthalensis)
135
They are the species or person that practiced the burial of the dead
homo sapiens (neanderthalensis)
136
Sewing of clothes (From animal skins using bone needles)
homo sapiens (neanderthalensis)
137
Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) in Europe and West Asia.
Mousterian Tools
138
Combine Acheulian industry technique, efficient as all the sides are sharpened and are more handy.
Mousterian Tools
139
Also known as the “WISE MAN”
homo sapiens
140
They have technology in fishing such as arrows, harpoons, and sewing noodles.
homo sapiens
141
By about 75 thousand years ago, some early modern humans began making tools, significantly different from earlier;
Upper Paleolithic Tools
142
These new tools have been found in sites in Europe.
Upper Paleolithic Tools
143
They range from blades of various shapes and sizes to barbed harpoon heads.
Upper Paleolithic tools
144
live in Ice Age
homo sapiens cro magnon
145
They were the first to produced arts.
homo sapiens cro magnon
146
Last part of Evolution hen the next one is the Modern Humans.
homo sapiens cro magnon
147
4 Capacity of Human to Develop
1. Our Thinking Capacity
2. Our gripping Capacity
3. Our Speaking Capacity
4. Our Walking Capacity
148
The ______ as well as the ___________ of early human beings helped them understand and adapt to their existing environment.
physical and mental development
149
The primary biological component of humans that allowed for culture is the developed brain. It gas the necessary parts for facilitating pertinent skills such as speaking, touching, feeling, seeing, and smelling
Our Thinking Capacity
150
Compared with other primates, humans have a larger brain, weighing _____. Due to the size of brain and the complexity of its parts, humans were able to create survival skills that helped them adapt to their environment and outlive their less adaptive biological relatives.
1.4 kg
151
The hand of human has digits (fingers) that are straights, as compared with the curved ones of the other primates.
Our Gripping Capacity
152
Notice that the ____ of the human is proportionately longer than those of other primates.
thumb
153
These characteristics of the human hand allowed for two types of grip ______ and _____
power and precision
154
the hand of selected primates
baboon
orangutang
champanzee
man
155
As the brain is the capacity source of humans, capacity to comprehend sound and provide meaning to it, the vocal tract acts as the mechanism by which sounds are produced and reproduced to transmit ideas and values.
Our Speaking Capacity
156
The tongue of human is also more _______ than of chimpanzee, allowing for more control in making sounds.
flexible
157
the capacity to walk and stand on two feet.
bipedalism
157
Primates have two forms of locomotion
Bipedalism and Quadropedalism
158
uses all four limbs. Although apes are semi-bipedal, humans are the only fully bipedal primates.
quadropedalism
159
What period or the stone age is this? Use of simple pebble tools.
Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)
160
What period or the stone age is this? Learn to live in caves.
Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)
161
What period or the stone age is this? Discovered the use of fires.
Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)
162
What period or the stone age is this? Developed all sculptures; and monumental painting, incised designs, and reliefs on the wall of caves.
Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)
163
What period or the stone age is this? “Food collecting cultures”.
Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)
164
What period or the stone age is this? Stone tools were shaped by polishing or grinding.
Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)
165
What period or the stone age is this? Settlement in permanent villages.
Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)
166
What period or the stone age is this? Dependence on domesticated plants or animals.
Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)
167
What period or the stone age is this? Appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving.
Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)
168
What period or the stone age is this? “Food producing cultures”.
Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)
169
Known as the “Agricultural Revolution”
Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)
170
The used of metal such as bronze, copper, and iron produced a new historical development form cradles civilization of _______________, including _____ and ______ which later on spread throughout Asia.
Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia.
India and China
171
Major transition
hunter gatherer society
agricultural society
172
A group of individuals with persistent social interaction;
Society
173
A social group sharing the same social territory, typically under the same political authority and dominant cultural beliefs;
Society
174
A process where values,
norms and customs of a
society are inculcated to
the members.
Socialization
175
Stages of Socialization
Primary and Secondary Socialization
176
from birth to adolescence. The process begins at home then continues at school.
Primary Socialization
177
adolescence continuing throughout an individual’s life.
Secondary Socialization
178
Forms of Socialization
Adult Socialization
Group Socialization
Organizational Socialization
Forced Socialization
179
occurs when an individual enters a new group or encounters a different social group whose customs and norms differ from their own
Adult Socialization
180
occurs in institutions that dictates and coerces an individual to conform and abide by norms, manners, values, and customs of the institution.
E.g. military, prison, psychiatric, etc.
Forced Socialization
180
occurs in an individuals entire life. A group usually influences one’s personality, principles, dress code and other aspects of his/her
individuality.
Group Socialization
181
occurs within an institution or organization.
E.g. New employees need to be oriented on the common culture, procedure and norms within a workplace.
Organizational Socialization
182
Process of Socialization
context
content and process
results/outcomes
183
Denotes culture, language, social
structures, and individual’s rank within them. Includes the history and roles played by people and institutions in the past.
Context
184
the details of what is passed from a member to a new member.
content
185
the work and activity involved in socialization.
content and process
186
the interactions and ways these new norms, values, and customs are taught to a novice.
process
187
Refers to what happens to an
individual after being exposed to a
particular contents and processes.
results/outcomes
188
An individual’s need for interaction or socialization also depends on his/her psychological state.
Example: fear, anger, sadness, grief, happiness, anxiety, etc.
Emotional states can also influence the perception of a person of a person
towards the content od socialization.
Example: Becoming a part of a family, a group or a religious sector
Emotional States and Unconscious
189
Human beings seek connection with others even before we are born.
We have innate tendency to coordinate and cooperate with other people.
Some hormones encourages human to interact and socialize with other people.
Biological Context
190
There are different theories on the cognitive or intellectual development of humans.
This denotes that the cognition and Intellectual development of an individual also influences his/her socialization.
Some of the things that we learn may also derived from the people who socialize with or those people who try o socialize with us.
Cognitive Theories of Development
191
The process by which an individual
learns the traditional content of a
culture and assimilates its practices and values.
Enculturation
192
culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.
values
193
rules and expectations by which a
society guides the behaviour of its members.
norms
194
refers to a social position that a person holds.
status
195
a social position a person receives a birth or takes on involuntarily later in life.
Ascribed Status
196
a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort.
Achieved Status
197
refers to behaviour expected of
someone who holds a particular status.
roles
198
Agents of Socialization
family
peer groups
school
mass media
