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1st Quarter lessons > UCSP > Flashcards

UCSP Flashcards

1
Q

Focused on asking probing, sometimes humiliating
questions in order to learn.

A

Socrates

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2
Q

Known as a Father of Western Philosophy.

A

Socrates

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3
Q

“The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing”

A

Socrates

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4
Q

Student of Socrates.

A

Plato

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5
Q

Believed in immortality of the
soul.

A

Plato

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6
Q

asserts the physical world is not really the “real” world

A

Plato’s Theory of Forms

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7
Q

ultimate reality exists beyond our physical world, and he discuss
this theory in different dialogues,
including the most famous one, called “The Republic”

A

Plato

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8
Q

A champion of reason and believed in avoiding extremes.

A

Aristotle

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9
Q

He is regarded as
the father of
“Political Science”.

A

Aristotle

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10
Q

A great Greek philosopher and he
was the first one to give a working
definition of political science and he believed that it was a powerful
and dynamic branch of science.

A

Aristotle

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11
Q

The study of human
society and social
relationships

A

Social Science

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12
Q

Branch of science that
deals with human behavior
in its social and cultural
aspects.

A

Social Science

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13
Q

The _________ was considered to be an era of ignorance wherein reasons and justifications were grounded on faith instead of facts

A

Dark’ Ages

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14
Q

The _________ was a historical phase in time wherein philosophers needed
to cast and ignite wisdom (knowledge) on society

A

Age of Enlightenment

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15
Q

What are the branches of Core Social Sciences?

A
  1. Sociology
  2. Anthropology
  3. Political Science
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16
Q

The study of society, patterns of interactions, social life, social change, and social causes and consequences of human behavior.

A

Sociology

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17
Q

A branch of the social sciences that uses systematic methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop and refine a body of knowledge about human social structure and activity.

A

Sociology

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18
Q

The two levels of Sociology

A

Microsociology and Macrosociology

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19
Q

Individual interactions

A

Microsociology

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20
Q

Society as a whole

A

Macrosociology

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21
Q

First woman sociologist and known as “Mother of sociology”

A

Harriet Martineau

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22
Q

She wrote Household Education in
____, lamenting the state of women’s education.

A

Harriet Martineau, 1848

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23
Q

She believed women had a natural inclination to motherhood and believed domestic work went hand in hand with academia for a proper, well-rounded education.

A

Harriet Martineau

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24
Q

among the first scholars to
apply the methods of the physical
sciences to the study of society.

A

Auguste Comte

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25
Q

He coined the word sociology and is considered the founder of the
subject.

A

Auguste Comte

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26
Q

He is the Father of Sociology.

A

Auguste Comte

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27
Q

He focused on the areas of social
order and social change.

A

Auguste Comte

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28
Q

The law of three stages (According to Comte)

A
  1. Theological Stage
  2. Metaphysical Stage
  3. Scientific or Positivist Stage
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29
Q

people took a religious view of society.

A

theological stage

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30
Q

people understood society as natural (not supernatural)

A

metaphysical stage

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31
Q

society would governed with reliable knowledge and be understood in the light of the knowledge and would be understood in the light of the knowledge produced by science, primarily sociology.

A

scientific or positivist stage

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32
Q

A philosopher, economist, political
theorist, sociologist, journalist and
revolutionary socialist

A

Karl Marx

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33
Q

His most important contribution was the theory of history called “The Materialist Conception of History”, basically taken as the “Common Sense” view of history

A

Karl Marx

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34
Q

What theory is the significant contribution of Karl Marx?

A

Conflict Theory

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35
Q

French sociologist commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science

A

Emile Durkheim

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36
Q

His major contribution was his study on religion together with his study on division on labor in society and how it effects solidarity

A

Emile Durkheim

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37
Q

He is a major proponent of structural functionalism.

A

Emile Durkheim

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38
Q

German sociologist and political economist best known for his thesis of the “Protestant Ethic” relating Protestantism to capitalism, and for his ideas on bureaucracy

A

Max Weber

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39
Q

His social action theory states that all human actions, or social cations, are informed by the unique experiences, desires, and contexts that every human interacts with.

A

Max Weber

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40
Q

Latin word meaning “the
study of humanity.

A

Anthropologia

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41
Q

Greek word which means
“human being”

A

Anthropos

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42
Q

The study of human kind in all its aspects: Cultures and Development

A

Anthropology

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43
Q

The study of human biological and
physiological characteristics and their evolution.

A

Anthropology

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44
Q

What are the four major branches of anthropology?

A
  1. Archaeology
  2. Biological Anthropology
  3. Cultural Anthropology
  4. Linguistic Anthropology
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45
Q

examines peoples and cultures of the past.

A

Archaeology

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46
Q

specializes in evolution, genetics, and health.

A

Biological Anthropology

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47
Q

studies human societies and elements of cultural life.

A

Cultural Anthropology

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48
Q

is a concentration of cultural
anthropology that focuses on language in society.

A

Linguistic Anthropology

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49
Q

Also called government

A

Political Science

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50
Q

The study of government and how they work

A

Political Science

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51
Q

The branch of knowledge that deals with systems of
government as well as the analysis of political activity
and behavior

A

Political Science

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52
Q

A social science dealing with political institutions and
with principles and conduct of government

A

Political Science

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53
Q

What are the 6 Scope of Political Science?

A

State
Political System
Government
Sovereignty
Liberty
Political Behavior

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54
Q

It helps us to express
and convey message on
its easiest form.

A

Language

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55
Q

It express our emotions
and personality

A

Arts

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56
Q

A features of our achievements as a human or society

A

Culture

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57
Q

Intricate system that can be manifested by our beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, and knowledge.

A

Culture

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58
Q

What are the 5 aspects of Culture from the Perspective of Sociologists?

A
  • Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive
  • Patterned Social Interactions
  • Shared and Contested
  • Requires Language
  • Learned through Socialization and Enculturation
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59
Q

What are the 5 aspects of Culture from the Perspective of Anthropologists?

A
  • Learned
  • Symbolic
  • Systematic and Integrated
  • Shared
  • Encompassing
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60
Q

The 3 Elements of Culture

A
  1. Knowledge
  2. Beliefs
  3. Social Norms
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61
Q

any information received

A

knowledge

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62
Q

accepted reality

A

beliefs

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63
Q

established expectation of society

A

social norms

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64
Q

The 4 Forms of Social Norms

A
  1. Folkways
  2. Mores
  3. Values
  4. Technologies
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65
Q

The types of culture

A

Non-material Culture (Intangibles)
Material Culture (Tangibles)

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66
Q

Ideas
Languages and Symbols
Religions/Beliefs
Behaviors/Gestures/Habits

A

Non-material Culture (Intangibles)

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67
Q

Tools
Foods
Fashions
Architectural Structures

A

Material Culture (Tangibles)

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68
Q

The 5 Components of Culture

A
  1. Symbols
  2. Languages
  3. Values
  4. Beliefs
  5. Norms
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69
Q

physical or non-physical

A

symbols

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70
Q

used for communication (verbal or written)

A

languages

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71
Q

Help define acceptable behavior within the society

A

values

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72
Q

Fulfill the spiritual needs of a culture

A

beliefs

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73
Q

Rules and traditions; proper conduct

A

norms

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74
Q

Types of Norms

A

Proscriptive and Prescriptive Norms

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75
Q

defines and tells us things not to do

A

Proscriptive Norms

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76
Q

defines and tells us things to do

A

Prescriptive Norms

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77
Q

Orientations in Viewing Other Cultures

A

Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism

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78
Q

Beliefs that one’s
own culture is better
than the rest.

A

Ethnocentrism

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79
Q

Chooses to view and
consider other cultures in terms of
what their practices bring to them.

A

Cultural Relativism

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80
Q

Modes od Acquiring Culture

A

Imitation
Indoctrination or Suggestion
Conditioning

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81
Q

Children and adults alike have the
tendency to imitate the values, attitudes, language and all other things in their social environment.

A

Imitation

82
Q

This may take the form of
formal training or informal
teaching.

A

Indoctrination or Suggestion

83
Q

The values, beliefs, and attributes of other people are acquired
through conditioning.

A

Conditioning

84
Q

Some parts of the society do
not change as fast as with
other parts and they are left
behind.

A

Culture Lag

85
Q

Unsure to act as a consequence
of being outside the symbolic web
of culture that bonds others.

A

Culture Shock

86
Q

Refers to the cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population.

A

Popular Culture

87
Q

The manner by which culture evolves

A

Culture Change

88
Q

Cultural patterns that strongly
opposed those widely accepted within a society.

A

Counter Culture

89
Q

Refers to the cultural patterns that
distinguish a society’s elite.

A

High Culture

90
Q

Complex network people that are
interconnected.

A

Society

91
Q

composed of a group of people who share a defined territory and a culture.

A

Society

92
Q

Organized group (Culture) of people that shares a common interest or goals.

A

Society

93
Q

Major Functions of Society

A
  • It provides a system of socialization.
  • It regulates and controls people’s behavior.
  • It provides the means
    of social participation.
  • It provides mutual support
    to the members.
  • It provides the basic
    needs of its members.
94
Q

Reasons why people live together as a society

A

for survival
feeling of gregariousness
specialization

95
Q

Types of Societies

A
  1. Hunting and gathering societies
  2. Horticultural Society
  3. Pastoral Society
  4. Agricultural Society
  5. Industrial Society
  6. Post-Industrial Society
96
Q

Society that survives by hunting animals and gathering edible
plants.

A

hunting and gathering societies

97
Q

Society that survives through the growing of plants

A

horticultural society

98
Q

Society in which food is obtain by raising and taking care of animals

A

pastoral society

99
Q

Society that uses plows and draft
animals in growing food

A

agricultural society

100
Q

Society that depends on science and technology to produce
its basic goods and services

A

industrial society

101
Q

Society marked by a transition from a manufacturing - based
economy to a service - based economy, a transition that is also
connected with subsequent societal restructuring.

A

post-industrial society

102
Q

variations or modifications in the social patterns

A

social change

103
Q

what are the variations or modifications in social patterns

A

politics
economy
calamities
health
geographic
climate

104
Q

cultural change, the alteration to the elements of culture

A

social change

105
Q

father of evolution

A

charles darwin

106
Q

Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

A

charles darwin

107
Q

Species can change over time, that new species come from pre-existing species, and that all species share a common ancestor.

A

charles darwin

108
Q

a natural process of biological changes occurring in a population across successive generations.

A

evolution

109
Q

It helps us identify and analyze man’s physiological development and eventually the emergence of different society.

A

evolution

110
Q

Most scientists currently recognize some __ to __ different species of early humans.

A

15 - 20

111
Q

An object recovered by archaeological endeavor, which may be a cultural artifact having cultural interest.

A

artifact

111
Q

Species that also called as “HANDY MAN”

A

homo habilis

111
Q

It is an object remaining from a particular period.

A

artifact

112
Q

Something made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art.

A

artifact

113
Q

Species with a brain with the area that associated with speech with modern humans and they can already make stone tools

A

homo habilis

114
Q

Have the ability to make and use tools

A

homo habilis

115
Q

Species considered as the first true human

A

homo habilis

116
Q

Lived about 2.4 to 1.4million years ago

A

homo habilis

117
Q

they are scavengers

A

homo habilis

118
Q

Brain size is ____ the size of the modern human.

A

half

119
Q

They were made by Homo Habilis, and also by early homo erectus. It is the part of the Lower Paleolithic Age of technological development.

A

Oldowan Tools

120
Q

The two main types of Oldowan tools

A

Core tools and Flake Tools

121
Q

were made by using a rock as a hammer (hammering or digging)

A

core tools

122
Q

were used as knives. They were used, for example, to butcher animals.

A

flake tools

123
Q

also as “UPRIGHT MAN”

A

homo erectus

124
Q

They are the first homo to be considered to use the spoken language

A

homo erectus

125
Q

homo erectus, ____ thousand years ago

A

143

126
Q

They adapted hot climate and already spread in Africa and Asia

A

homo erectus

127
Q

First hunters that improvised tools such as axes and knives

A

homo erectus

128
Q

They are also the first species that introduced the fire

A

homo erectus

129
Q

More, skillful hunters, intelligent, and adaptable.

A

homo erectus

130
Q

Homo erectus developed a more complex tool from what they inherited from Homo habilis.

A

Acheulian Tools

131
Q

Homo erectus created _______ that were bifacial, shaped in both sides and with straighter and sharper edges.

A

hand axes

132
Q

______ were used in multiple activities such as light, chopping of woods, digging up roots and butchering animals, cracking nuts and small bones.

A

hand axes

133
Q

They making shelters, food gatherers, eat plants and fruits, they use fire and they crafted metals already

A

homo sapiens

134
Q

Adapted to winter climates

A

homo sapiens (neanderthalensis)

135
Q

They are the species or person that practiced the burial of the dead

A

homo sapiens (neanderthalensis)

136
Q

Sewing of clothes (From animal skins using bone needles)

A

homo sapiens (neanderthalensis)

137
Q

Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) in Europe and West Asia.

A

Mousterian Tools

138
Q

Combine Acheulian industry technique, efficient as all the sides are sharpened and are more handy.

A

Mousterian Tools

139
Q

Also known as the “WISE MAN”

A

homo sapiens

140
Q

They have technology in fishing such as arrows, harpoons, and sewing noodles.

A

homo sapiens

141
Q

By about 75 thousand years ago, some early modern humans began making tools, significantly different from earlier;

A

Upper Paleolithic Tools

142
Q

These new tools have been found in sites in Europe.

A

Upper Paleolithic Tools

143
Q

They range from blades of various shapes and sizes to barbed harpoon heads.

A

Upper Paleolithic tools

144
Q

live in Ice Age

A

homo sapiens cro magnon

145
Q

They were the first to produced arts.

A

homo sapiens cro magnon

146
Q

Last part of Evolution hen the next one is the Modern Humans.

A

homo sapiens cro magnon

147
Q

4 Capacity of Human to Develop

A
  1. Our Thinking Capacity
  2. Our gripping Capacity
  3. Our Speaking Capacity
  4. Our Walking Capacity
148
Q

The ______ as well as the ___________ of early human beings helped them understand and adapt to their existing environment.

A

physical and mental development

149
Q

The primary biological component of humans that allowed for culture is the developed brain. It gas the necessary parts for facilitating pertinent skills such as speaking, touching, feeling, seeing, and smelling

A

Our Thinking Capacity

150
Q

Compared with other primates, humans have a larger brain, weighing _____. Due to the size of brain and the complexity of its parts, humans were able to create survival skills that helped them adapt to their environment and outlive their less adaptive biological relatives.

A

1.4 kg

151
Q

The hand of human has digits (fingers) that are straights, as compared with the curved ones of the other primates.

A

Our Gripping Capacity

152
Q

Notice that the ____ of the human is proportionately longer than those of other primates.

A

thumb

153
Q

These characteristics of the human hand allowed for two types of grip ______ and _____

A

power and precision

154
Q

the hand of selected primates

A

baboon
orangutang
champanzee
man

155
Q

As the brain is the capacity source of humans, capacity to comprehend sound and provide meaning to it, the vocal tract acts as the mechanism by which sounds are produced and reproduced to transmit ideas and values.

A

Our Speaking Capacity

156
Q

The tongue of human is also more _______ than of chimpanzee, allowing for more control in making sounds.

A

flexible

157
Q

the capacity to walk and stand on two feet.

A

bipedalism

157
Q

Primates have two forms of locomotion

A

Bipedalism and Quadropedalism

158
Q

uses all four limbs. Although apes are semi-bipedal, humans are the only fully bipedal primates.

A

quadropedalism

159
Q

What period or the stone age is this? Use of simple pebble tools.

A

Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)

160
Q

What period or the stone age is this? Learn to live in caves.

A

Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)

161
Q

What period or the stone age is this? Discovered the use of fires.

A

Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)

162
Q

What period or the stone age is this? Developed all sculptures; and monumental painting, incised designs, and reliefs on the wall of caves.

A

Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)

163
Q

What period or the stone age is this? “Food collecting cultures”.

A

Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)

164
Q

What period or the stone age is this? Stone tools were shaped by polishing or grinding.

A

Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)

165
Q

What period or the stone age is this? Settlement in permanent villages.

A

Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)

166
Q

What period or the stone age is this? Dependence on domesticated plants or animals.

A

Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)

167
Q

What period or the stone age is this? Appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving.

A

Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)

168
Q

What period or the stone age is this? “Food producing cultures”.

A

Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)

169
Q

Known as the “Agricultural Revolution”

A

Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)

170
Q

The used of metal such as bronze, copper, and iron produced a new historical development form cradles civilization of _______________, including _____ and ______ which later on spread throughout Asia.

A

Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia.
India and China

171
Q

Major transition

A

hunter gatherer society
agricultural society

172
Q

A group of individuals with persistent social interaction;

A

Society

173
Q

A social group sharing the same social territory, typically under the same political authority and dominant cultural beliefs;

A

Society

174
Q

A process where values,
norms and customs of a
society are inculcated to
the members.

A

Socialization

175
Q

Stages of Socialization

A

Primary and Secondary Socialization

176
Q

from birth to adolescence. The process begins at home then continues at school.

A

Primary Socialization

177
Q

adolescence continuing throughout an individual’s life.

A

Secondary Socialization

178
Q

Forms of Socialization

A

Adult Socialization
Group Socialization
Organizational Socialization
Forced Socialization

179
Q

occurs when an individual enters a new group or encounters a different social group whose customs and norms differ from their own

A

Adult Socialization

180
Q

occurs in institutions that dictates and coerces an individual to conform and abide by norms, manners, values, and customs of the institution.
E.g. military, prison, psychiatric, etc.

A

Forced Socialization

180
Q

occurs in an individuals entire life. A group usually influences one’s personality, principles, dress code and other aspects of his/her
individuality.

A

Group Socialization

181
Q

occurs within an institution or organization.
E.g. New employees need to be oriented on the common culture, procedure and norms within a workplace.

A

Organizational Socialization

182
Q

Process of Socialization

A

context
content and process
results/outcomes

183
Q

Denotes culture, language, social
structures, and individual’s rank within them. Includes the history and roles played by people and institutions in the past.

A

Context

184
Q

the details of what is passed from a member to a new member.

A

content

185
Q

the work and activity involved in socialization.

A

content and process

186
Q

the interactions and ways these new norms, values, and customs are taught to a novice.

A

process

187
Q

Refers to what happens to an
individual after being exposed to a
particular contents and processes.

A

results/outcomes

188
Q

An individual’s need for interaction or socialization also depends on his/her psychological state.
Example: fear, anger, sadness, grief, happiness, anxiety, etc.

Emotional states can also influence the perception of a person of a person
towards the content od socialization.
Example: Becoming a part of a family, a group or a religious sector

A

Emotional States and Unconscious

189
Q

Human beings seek connection with others even before we are born.

We have innate tendency to coordinate and cooperate with other people.

Some hormones encourages human to interact and socialize with other people.

A

Biological Context

190
Q

There are different theories on the cognitive or intellectual development of humans.

This denotes that the cognition and Intellectual development of an individual also influences his/her socialization.

Some of the things that we learn may also derived from the people who socialize with or those people who try o socialize with us.

A

Cognitive Theories of Development

191
Q

The process by which an individual
learns the traditional content of a
culture and assimilates its practices and values.

A

Enculturation

192
Q

culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.

A

values

193
Q

rules and expectations by which a
society guides the behaviour of its members.

A

norms

194
Q

refers to a social position that a person holds.

A

status

195
Q

a social position a person receives a birth or takes on involuntarily later in life.

A

Ascribed Status

196
Q

a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort.

A

Achieved Status

197
Q

refers to behaviour expected of
someone who holds a particular status.

A

roles

198
Q

Agents of Socialization

A

family
peer groups
school
mass media

1st Quarter lessons (8 decks)

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