21st Century Flashcards
1
Q
Literature was derived from Latin word ____ which means ________
A
littera, letters or handwriting
2
Q
It is writing as an art form, or any writing deemed to have artistic or
intellectual value, often due to deploying language in ways that
differ from ordinary usage.
A
Literature
3
Q
Generally as any body of written works that is written and produced in any country, language or age for a specific purpose such as information, education or
entertainment to the reader, which can be fictional or
non-fictional in nature.
A
Literature
4
Q
the medium of LITERATURE is _______
A
Language
5
Q
any written or spoken language which possesses aesthetic quality.
A
Literature
6
Q
It refers to a French Phrase ________ meaning _______
A
belles-lettres, beautiful writing
7
Q
classifications of literature
A
prose and poetry
8
Q
It uses ordinary form of language.
A
prose
9
Q
It imitates the spoken language.
A
prose
10
Q
Writings that do not adhere to
any particular formal structure.
A
prose
11
Q
fairytales
folk tales
novels
legends
fables
short stories
A
fiction
12
Q
biography and
autobiography
journals and diaries
memoirs
reports
narratives
personal letters
A
non-fiction
13
Q
It is a composition written in verse.
A
poetry
14
Q
A literary work in metrical or
rhythmic form or patterned language.
A
poetry
15
Q
It is written or spoken designed to
pleasure through beautiful,
elevated, imaginative or profound thought
A
poetry
16
Q
3 types of poetry
A
lyric poetry
narrative poetry
dramatic poetry
17
Q
a short subjective poem expressing in a song-like manner the author’s innermost thoughts & feelings; originally was sung to the accompaniment of a lyre
A
lyric poetry
18
Q
song, sonnet, ode, elegy
A
lyric poetry
19
Q
a kind of poetry which tell a story
A
narrative poetry
20
Q
ballad, metrical tale, metrical romance, epic
A
narrative poetry
21
Q
poetry written specifically for the theater. This type of poetry can often be lyrical in nature, such as when a character in a play gives a dramatic monologue
A
dramatic poetry
22
Q
tragedy, tragi-comedy, melodrama, comedy, farce, closet drama
A
dramatic poetry
23
Q
He is a poet and nonfiction writer
from Cebu, Philippines. Currently a Lecturer at Yale-NUS.
A
Lawrence Lacambra Ypil
24
Q
He earned his first Masters of Fine Arts in Creative Writing (Poetry) while on a Fulbright fellowship
at Washington University in St Louis, and another MFA in Non-Fiction Writing from the Iowa Writers’ Workshop
A
Lawrence Lacambra Ypil
25
describes the process of writing this book as revealing both historical place and
himself: "By looking at the photographs, I ended up looking through them, and eventually
discovered myself. It felt like looking at beautiful, deep, dark mirrors.”
Lawrence Lacambra Ypil
26
more than to paint a picture; it stirs emotions and anchors memories.
imagery
27
types of imagery
visual
olfactory
gustatory
tactile
auditory
28
the first system of writing that was used by our ancestors in the Philippines before the arrival
of the Spaniards; this was similar
to that of the Malayo-Polynesian alphabet
baybayin (alibata)
29
Whatever record our ancestors left were either burned by the Spanish friars in the belief that they were works of the devil or were written on materials that easily perished, like the _______________ which could not have remained undestroyed even if efforts were made to preserve them.
barks of trees
dried leaves
bamboo cylinders
30
transmitted from one generation to another by word of mouth.
oral tradition
31
a form of prose the common theme of which is about the
origin of a thing, place, location or name. The events are imaginary, devoid of truth and unbelievable. Old Filipino customs are reflected in these legends. Its aim is to
entertain.
legends
32
an example of a legend
the legend of the tagalogs
33
made up of stories about life,
adventure, love, horror and humor where one can derive lessons about life. These are useful to us because they help us appreciate
our environment, evaluate our personalities and improve our perspectives in life.
folk tales (mga kwentong bayan)
34
example of folk tales
the moon and the sun
35
are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length.
epics
36
* A form of folk lyric which expresses the people’s hopes, aspirations, and lifestyles
* repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naïve
* traditional songs and melodies
* inspired by the reaction of the people to their environment
folk songs (awiting bayan)
37
one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the pre-Spanish period. These
songs mirrored the early forms of culture. Many of these have 12 syllables.
folk songs (awiting bayan)
38
These have been customarily used and served as laws or rules
on good behavior by our ancestors. To others, these are like allegories or parables that impart lessons for the young.
epigrams (salawikain)
39
It is a phrase with its own
meaning that cannot be deduced from the meanings of the words that make up the phrase
idioms (sawikain)
40
Some are rhyming couplets with
verses of 5, 6 or 8 syllables, each line having the same number of syllables
maxims (sabi-sabi)
41
These are made up of one or more measured lines with rhyme and may consist of four to 12 syllables.
riddles (bugtong) or palaisipan
42
Used in witchcraft or
enchantments
chants (bulong)
43
Used in teasing or to
comment on a persons’ actuations
sayings (kasabihan)
44
A quatrain with seven syllables
each with the same rhyme at the end of each line
tanaga
45
traditional poetry of the Hanunoo
Mangyans of Oriental Mindoro which is normally inscribed on bamboo using a pre-Colonial syllabic writing system called the
Surat Mangyan .
ambahan
46
seven syllable metric lines, composed of more than four lines and usually chanted
ambahan
47
traditional stories occurring in a timeless past. They involve supernatural elements and are beyond the
frontiers of logic.
myths
48
It is derived from Philippine folk literature, which is the
traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. This refers to a
wide range of material due to the ethnic mix of the Philippines
myths
49
- is a type of narrative poem that has an
- absolute acquired story that is usually
- in the form of verse or poem
ancient metrical tales (pansukat kwento)
50
the exploits of Aliguyon as he battles his arch-enemy,
Pambukhayon
aliguyon
51
tells of the adventuresv of Lam-Ang who exhibits extraordinary
powers at a very early age.
biah ni lam-ang
52
the story of three Bicol heroes: Baltog, Handiong, Bantiong
ibalon
53
⚫ oldest and longest epic poem in Panay
⚫ the exploits of three Sulodnon demigod brothers, Labaw
Donggon, Humadapnon and Dumalapdap of ancient Panay
hinilawod
54
is widely described as the “enfant
terrible” of Bikol writing.
Kristian Sendon Cordero
55
He has multiple Palanca awards in poetry, fiction, and the essay.
56
He is well-anthologized poet, and has published collections of
his own, such as Canticos: Apat na Boses and Labi.
Kristian Sendon Cordero
57
He is an educator being an assistant professor at the Ateneo de Naga University.
Kristian Sendon Cordero
58
is a very rich one carrying a very
distinct view of Mayon Volcano.
Cordero's poem
59
He is a native of Bicol who
writes with a certain level of
familiarity with the volcano.
Kristian Sendon Cordero
60
is a renowned volcano not only in the Philippines but also around the world for it’s almost “perfect cone.”
Mayon Volcano
61
It is also one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines and erupts regularly.
Mayon Volcano
62
Despite the constant threat of danger, the volcano remains one of the most popular tourist destination in the Philippines.
Mayon Volcano
63
the use of figurative language to represent objects, events, actions or ideas in a way that is physically
appealing.
Images
64
are not always visual. They can present their sensory
impressions using any of the five senses. It can be
descriptive and figurative
Images
65
is the basic rhythmic structure of a line in poetry.
Meter
66
refers to another textual work, leaving the reader to figure out the connection between the current work and the work being referred to.
allusion
67
an indirect of passing reference to something.
allusion
68
refers to the possibility of images to go beyond what they normally mean, to extend, or grow in meaning.
expansion
69
these are words or phrases used to go beyond their literal meaning and convey a different set of meanings to the reader.
figurative language
70
Cordero’s poem showcases a quality that poet John Keats said was essential to people who want to write and read poetry. He called it ____
negative capability
71
It was the capability to be face to face with uncertainty and not need to grapple with what the uncertainty could mean, but be comfortable just facing the situation. Forces of nature
are one such events.
John Keats
72
Cordero both made_______ and ______ images of the
volcano.
positive and negative
73
Cordero simply presents us with _______ that shift from
one extreme to another allowing us to see both _____
of the volcano
images and faces
74
the first recorded visit by Europeans is the arival of _______
Ferdinand Magellan
75
He sighted Samar Island on
March 16, 1521 and landed the next day on Homonhon Island, now part of Guiuan, Eastern Samar.
Ferdinand Magellan
76
He sighted Samar Island on
________ and landed the next day on Homonhon Island, now part of Guiuan, Eastern Samar.
March 16, 1521
77
He sighted Samar Island on
March 16, 1521 and landed the next day on ________, now part of ____________.
Homonhon Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar
78
It is an accepted belief that the Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565 during the time of _______
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
79
It is an accepted belief that the Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in ____ during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.
1565
80
the first Spanish governor-
general in the Philippines.
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
81
Literature started to flourish during his time. This spurt continued unabated until the Cavite Revolt in 1872.
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
82
During Miguel Lopez de Legazpi's time. This spurt continued
unabated until the _______ in _____.
Cavite revolt in 1872
83
The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for more than
________ centuries.
three
84
The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for more than
three centuries. During these times, many changes occurred in the lives of Filipinos. They embraced the ________ religion, changed their names, and were
baptized.
Catholic
85
The Spaniards colonized the lifestyle of the Filipinos
- They built houses made of
stones and bricks, used beautiful furniture like the piano
and used kitchen utensils.
- Carriages, trains and boats
were used as means of travel.
-They held fiestas to honor
the saints, the pope and the governors.
-They had cockfights, horse races, and the theater as means of
recreation.
86
they are full blooded Spanish, born in Spain
Peninsulares
87
they are full blooded Spanish, born in the Philippines
Insulares
88
they are full blooded Filipinos who are wealthy, and they can study abroad like Jose Rizal
Ilustrado
89
they are Filipinos who have positions in the government
Principalia
90
they are half breed, either half Spaniards or half Filipino
Mestizo(s)
91
they are full blooded Filipinos, but they can't study because they are poor
Indio
92
Spanish influences on Philippine Literature
1. The first Filipino alphabet called BAYBAYIN was replaced
by the Roman alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of
religious practices.
3. The Spanish language which became the literary language
during this time lent many of its words to our language.
4. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan
7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.
93
This was the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography.
ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE).
94
Ang Doctrina Cristiana was written by Fr. _________ and ___________, in Tagalog and Spanish.
Fr. Juan de Placencia, Fr. Domingo Nieva
95
The second book printed in
the Philippines
Nuestra Señora del Rosario
96
Nuestra Señora del Rosario was written by ______ in ____ (year)
Fr. Blancas de San Jose, 1602
97
the second book printed at the UST Printing Press with the help
of_______, a Chinese
mestizo.
Juan de Vera
98
It contains the
biographies of saints,
novenas, and questions and
answers on religion.
Nuestra Señora del Rosario.
99
This is the first book printed in
typography.
Libro de los Cuatro
Postprimeras de Hombre (in
Spanish and Tagalog).
100
This is the book about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ. It is read only during Lent.
The Pasion
101
In The Pasion there were __ versions of this in Tagalog and each version is according to the name of the writer.
4
102
What are the 4 versions of Pasion?
1. Pilapil version (Mariano Pilapil ng Bulacan)
2. de Belen version (Gaspar Aquino de Belen)
3. de la Merced (Aniceto de la Merced of Norzagaray, Bulacan)
4. de Guia version (Luis de Guia)
103
A book by Modesto de Castro,
the so called ___________ in Tagalog.
Father of Classic Prose
104
These are letters between two sisters Urbana at Felisa and have
influenced greatly the behavior of people in society because the
letters dealt with good behavior.
urbana at feliza
105
sagisag ng Urbanidad o kabutihang asal (good manners)
Urbana
106
galing sa Kastilang "feliz" (maligaya) at ang sagisag ay ang kaligayahang natatamo dahil sa pagpapakabuti at pagkamasunurin
Feliza
107
A collection of songs praising the Virgin Mary.
Ang mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary)
108
________, a Filipino priest, wrote this in 1865 and it was popular especially during the Maytime “Flores de Mayo” festival.
Fr. Mariano Sevilla
109
Fr. Mariano Sevilla, a Filipino priest, wrote this in 1865 and it was popular especially during the May time ______ festival.
Flores de Mayo
110
This is a Biblical story
printed in the Philippines
and translated to Tagalog
from Greek by Fr.
Antonio de Borja.
Ang Barlaan at Josaphat
111
It is believed to be the first Tagalog novel published in the Philippines even if it is only a translation.
Ang Barlaan at Josaphat
112
Written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose and translated to Tagalog by Tomas Pinpin in 1610
Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala
(Art and rules of the Tagalog
language).
113
Written by Fr. Gaspar de San
Agustin in 1703
Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog language).
114
The first tagalog dictionary written by Fr. Pedro de San Buenaventura in 1613
Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog vocabulary)
115
The first book in Pampanga written by Fr. Diego in 1732.
Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampanga
vocabulary).
116
The best language book in Visayan by Mateo Sanchez in 1711
Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan vocabulary).
117
The first Ilocano grammar book by Francisco Lopez.
Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano language).
118
The first book in the Bicol language and written by Fr. Marcos Lisbon in 1754.
Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol language)
119
______ became widespread in the
Philippines. Each region had its national song from the lowlands to the mountains of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao
Folk songs
120
truly manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos’ innate appreciation for and love of beauty
Folk songs
121
examples of folk songs
Leron-Leron Sinta (Tagalog)
Pamulinawen (Ilokano)
Dandansoy (Visayan)
Sarong Banggi (Bicol)
Atin Cu Pung Singsing (Pampanga)
122
There are many ________ performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all of them were in poetic form.
recreational plays
123
the word _____ means to
excavate. This ritual
was brought here by the
Spaniard to remind the
people about the search
of St. Helena for the
Cross on which Jesus
died.
Tibag
124
this is a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon during Maytime to get together
Lagaylay
125
As early as April, the participating
ladies are chosen and sometimes, mothers volunteer their girls in order to fulfill a vow made during an illness or for a favor received
Lagaylay
126
this is a dramatic performance
to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ.
The Cenaculo
127
two kinds of Cenaculo
Hablada and Cantada
128
the lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner showing the rhythmic measure of each verse and the rhyming in each stanza
and is more dignified in theme
Hablada
129
is chanted like the Pasion.
Cantada
130
written in octosyllabic verse, with 8 verses to the stanza
The Cenaculo
131
The take Cenaculo is written octosyllabic verse, with 8 to the stanza. The full length versions
about ___ nights of staging. Performers come in costumes
with wigs and performers are carefully chosen for their virtuous life.
3
132
Many famous Cenaculo
players come from the Tagalog
regions although there are also
those from ___________
Ilocos, Pampanga,
Bicol and both Sibulanon and
Hiligaynon
133
this presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a drama presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus.
panunuluyan
134
an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. It is still presented in many Philippine towns.
The Salubong or Panubong
135
this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a
moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.
Carillo (Shadow Play)
136
projecting cardboard figures before a lamp against a white sheet. The figures are moved like marionettes whose dialogues are
produced experts.
Carillo (Shadow Play)
137
The dialogues are drawn
from a _________ or some religious play
interspersed with songs.
Corrido or Awit
138
considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political problem
The Zarzuela
139
this was a short musical comedy popular during the 18th century. They were exaggerated comedies and were taken from everyday life scenarios.
The Sainete
140
This is performed town fiestas to
entertain the people and to remind them of their Christian religion.
The Moro-Moro
141
The plot is usually the same that of a Christian princess or a nobleman’s daughter who is captured by the Mohammedans.
The Moro-Moro
142
The father organizes a rescue party where fighting between the Moros and the Christians ensue
The Moro-Moro
143
This is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a person.
Karagatan
144
based on a legend about a princess who dropped her ring into the middle of the sea and who offered her hand in marriage to anyone who can retrieve it
Karagatan
145
The ____ replace the Karagatan. This is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. The roles are taken from the Bible and from proverbs and saying. It is usually played during wakes for the dead
Duplo
146
This is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue.
The Balagtasan
147
This is replaced the DUPLO and is held to honor Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar.
The Balagtasan
148
This is a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative beside the corpse of the dead.
The Dung-aw
149
Some use these two interchangeably because distinction is not clear
The Awit and the Corrido
