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1st Quarter lessons > 21st Century > Flashcards

21st Century Flashcards

1
Q

Literature was derived from Latin word ____ which means ________

A

littera, letters or handwriting

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2
Q

It is writing as an art form, or any writing deemed to have artistic or
intellectual value, often due to deploying language in ways that
differ from ordinary usage.

A

Literature

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3
Q

Generally as any body of written works that is written and produced in any country, language or age for a specific purpose such as information, education or
entertainment to the reader, which can be fictional or
non-fictional in nature.

A

Literature

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4
Q

the medium of LITERATURE is _______

A

Language

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5
Q

any written or spoken language which possesses aesthetic quality.

A

Literature

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6
Q

It refers to a French Phrase ________ meaning _______

A

belles-lettres, beautiful writing

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7
Q

classifications of literature

A

prose and poetry

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8
Q

It uses ordinary form of language.

A

prose

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9
Q

It imitates the spoken language.

A

prose

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10
Q

Writings that do not adhere to
any particular formal structure.

A

prose

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11
Q

fairytales
folk tales
novels
legends
fables
short stories

A

fiction

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12
Q

biography and
autobiography
journals and diaries
memoirs
reports
narratives
personal letters

A

non-fiction

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13
Q

It is a composition written in verse.

A

poetry

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14
Q

A literary work in metrical or
rhythmic form or patterned language.

A

poetry

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15
Q

It is written or spoken designed to
pleasure through beautiful,
elevated, imaginative or profound thought

A

poetry

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16
Q

3 types of poetry

A

lyric poetry
narrative poetry
dramatic poetry

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17
Q

a short subjective poem expressing in a song-like manner the author’s innermost thoughts & feelings; originally was sung to the accompaniment of a lyre

A

lyric poetry

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18
Q

song, sonnet, ode, elegy

A

lyric poetry

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19
Q

a kind of poetry which tell a story

A

narrative poetry

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20
Q

ballad, metrical tale, metrical romance, epic

A

narrative poetry

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21
Q

poetry written specifically for the theater. This type of poetry can often be lyrical in nature, such as when a character in a play gives a dramatic monologue

A

dramatic poetry

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22
Q

tragedy, tragi-comedy, melodrama, comedy, farce, closet drama

A

dramatic poetry

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23
Q

He is a poet and nonfiction writer
from Cebu, Philippines. Currently a Lecturer at Yale-NUS.

A

Lawrence Lacambra Ypil

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24
Q

He earned his first Masters of Fine Arts in Creative Writing (Poetry) while on a Fulbright fellowship
at Washington University in St Louis, and another MFA in Non-Fiction Writing from the Iowa Writers’ Workshop

A

Lawrence Lacambra Ypil

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25
Q

describes the process of writing this book as revealing both historical place and
himself: “By looking at the photographs, I ended up looking through them, and eventually
discovered myself. It felt like looking at beautiful, deep, dark mirrors.”

A

Lawrence Lacambra Ypil

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26
Q

more than to paint a picture; it stirs emotions and anchors memories.

A

imagery

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27
Q

types of imagery

A

visual
olfactory
gustatory
tactile
auditory

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28
Q

the first system of writing that was used by our ancestors in the Philippines before the arrival
of the Spaniards; this was similar
to that of the Malayo-Polynesian alphabet

A

baybayin (alibata)

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29
Q

Whatever record our ancestors left were either burned by the Spanish friars in the belief that they were works of the devil or were written on materials that easily perished, like the _______________ which could not have remained undestroyed even if efforts were made to preserve them.

A

barks of trees
dried leaves
bamboo cylinders

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30
Q

transmitted from one generation to another by word of mouth.

A

oral tradition

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31
Q

a form of prose the common theme of which is about the
origin of a thing, place, location or name. The events are imaginary, devoid of truth and unbelievable. Old Filipino customs are reflected in these legends. Its aim is to
entertain.

A

legends

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32
Q

an example of a legend

A

the legend of the tagalogs

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33
Q

made up of stories about life,
adventure, love, horror and humor where one can derive lessons about life. These are useful to us because they help us appreciate
our environment, evaluate our personalities and improve our perspectives in life.

A

folk tales (mga kwentong bayan)

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34
Q

example of folk tales

A

the moon and the sun

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35
Q

are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length.

A

epics

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36
Q
  • A form of folk lyric which expresses the people’s hopes, aspirations, and lifestyles
  • repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naïve
  • traditional songs and melodies
  • inspired by the reaction of the people to their environment
A

folk songs (awiting bayan)

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37
Q

one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the pre-Spanish period. These
songs mirrored the early forms of culture. Many of these have 12 syllables.

A

folk songs (awiting bayan)

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38
Q

These have been customarily used and served as laws or rules
on good behavior by our ancestors. To others, these are like allegories or parables that impart lessons for the young.

A

epigrams (salawikain)

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39
Q

It is a phrase with its own
meaning that cannot be deduced from the meanings of the words that make up the phrase

A

idioms (sawikain)

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40
Q

Some are rhyming couplets with
verses of 5, 6 or 8 syllables, each line having the same number of syllables

A

maxims (sabi-sabi)

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41
Q

These are made up of one or more measured lines with rhyme and may consist of four to 12 syllables.

A

riddles (bugtong) or palaisipan

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42
Q

Used in witchcraft or
enchantments

A

chants (bulong)

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43
Q

Used in teasing or to
comment on a persons’ actuations

A

sayings (kasabihan)

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44
Q

A quatrain with seven syllables
each with the same rhyme at the end of each line

A

tanaga

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45
Q

traditional poetry of the Hanunoo
Mangyans of Oriental Mindoro which is normally inscribed on bamboo using a pre-Colonial syllabic writing system called the
Surat Mangyan .

A

ambahan

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46
Q

seven syllable metric lines, composed of more than four lines and usually chanted

A

ambahan

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47
Q

traditional stories occurring in a timeless past. They involve supernatural elements and are beyond the
frontiers of logic.

A

myths

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48
Q

It is derived from Philippine folk literature, which is the
traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. This refers to a
wide range of material due to the ethnic mix of the Philippines

A

myths

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49
Q
  • is a type of narrative poem that has an
  • absolute acquired story that is usually
  • in the form of verse or poem
A

ancient metrical tales (pansukat kwento)

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50
Q

the exploits of Aliguyon as he battles his arch-enemy,
Pambukhayon

A

aliguyon

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51
Q

tells of the adventuresv of Lam-Ang who exhibits extraordinary
powers at a very early age.

A

biah ni lam-ang

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52
Q

the story of three Bicol heroes: Baltog, Handiong, Bantiong

A

ibalon

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53
Q

⚫ oldest and longest epic poem in Panay
⚫ the exploits of three Sulodnon demigod brothers, Labaw
Donggon, Humadapnon and Dumalapdap of ancient Panay

A

hinilawod

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54
Q

is widely described as the “enfant
terrible” of Bikol writing.

A

Kristian Sendon Cordero

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55
Q

He has multiple Palanca awards in poetry, fiction, and the essay.

A
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56
Q

He is well-anthologized poet, and has published collections of
his own, such as Canticos: Apat na Boses and Labi.

A

Kristian Sendon Cordero

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57
Q

He is an educator being an assistant professor at the Ateneo de Naga University.

A

Kristian Sendon Cordero

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58
Q

is a very rich one carrying a very
distinct view of Mayon Volcano.

A

Cordero’s poem

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59
Q

He is a native of Bicol who
writes with a certain level of
familiarity with the volcano.

A

Kristian Sendon Cordero

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60
Q

is a renowned volcano not only in the Philippines but also around the world for it’s almost “perfect cone.”

A

Mayon Volcano

61
Q

It is also one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines and erupts regularly.

A

Mayon Volcano

62
Q

Despite the constant threat of danger, the volcano remains one of the most popular tourist destination in the Philippines.

A

Mayon Volcano

63
Q

the use of figurative language to represent objects, events, actions or ideas in a way that is physically
appealing.

A

Images

64
Q

are not always visual. They can present their sensory
impressions using any of the five senses. It can be
descriptive and figurative

A

Images

65
Q

is the basic rhythmic structure of a line in poetry.

A

Meter

66
Q

refers to another textual work, leaving the reader to figure out the connection between the current work and the work being referred to.

A

allusion

67
Q

an indirect of passing reference to something.

A

allusion

68
Q

refers to the possibility of images to go beyond what they normally mean, to extend, or grow in meaning.

A

expansion

69
Q

these are words or phrases used to go beyond their literal meaning and convey a different set of meanings to the reader.

A

figurative language

70
Q

Cordero’s poem showcases a quality that poet John Keats said was essential to people who want to write and read poetry. He called it ____

A

negative capability

71
Q

It was the capability to be face to face with uncertainty and not need to grapple with what the uncertainty could mean, but be comfortable just facing the situation. Forces of nature
are one such events.

A

John Keats

72
Q

Cordero both made_______ and ______ images of the
volcano.

A

positive and negative

73
Q

Cordero simply presents us with _______ that shift from
one extreme to another allowing us to see both _____
of the volcano

A

images and faces

74
Q

the first recorded visit by Europeans is the arival of _______

A

Ferdinand Magellan

75
Q

He sighted Samar Island on
March 16, 1521 and landed the next day on Homonhon Island, now part of Guiuan, Eastern Samar.

A

Ferdinand Magellan

76
Q

He sighted Samar Island on
________ and landed the next day on Homonhon Island, now part of Guiuan, Eastern Samar.

A

March 16, 1521

77
Q

He sighted Samar Island on
March 16, 1521 and landed the next day on ________, now part of ____________.

A

Homonhon Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar

78
Q

It is an accepted belief that the Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565 during the time of _______

A

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

79
Q

It is an accepted belief that the Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in ____ during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.

A

1565

80
Q

the first Spanish governor-
general in the Philippines.

A

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

81
Q

Literature started to flourish during his time. This spurt continued unabated until the Cavite Revolt in 1872.

A

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

82
Q

During Miguel Lopez de Legazpi’s time. This spurt continued
unabated until the _______ in _____.

A

Cavite revolt in 1872

83
Q

The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for more than
________ centuries.

A

three

84
Q

The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for more than
three centuries. During these times, many changes occurred in the lives of Filipinos. They embraced the ________ religion, changed their names, and were
baptized.

A

Catholic

85
Q

The Spaniards colonized the lifestyle of the Filipinos

A
  • They built houses made of
    stones and bricks, used beautiful furniture like the piano
    and used kitchen utensils.
  • Carriages, trains and boats
    were used as means of travel.

-They held fiestas to honor
the saints, the pope and the governors.

-They had cockfights, horse races, and the theater as means of
recreation.

86
Q

they are full blooded Spanish, born in Spain

A

Peninsulares

87
Q

they are full blooded Spanish, born in the Philippines

A

Insulares

88
Q

they are full blooded Filipinos who are wealthy, and they can study abroad like Jose Rizal

A

Ilustrado

89
Q

they are Filipinos who have positions in the government

A

Principalia

90
Q

they are half breed, either half Spaniards or half Filipino

A

Mestizo(s)

91
Q

they are full blooded Filipinos, but they can’t study because they are poor

A

Indio

92
Q

Spanish influences on Philippine Literature

A
  1. The first Filipino alphabet called BAYBAYIN was replaced
    by the Roman alphabet.
  2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of
    religious practices.
  3. The Spanish language which became the literary language
    during this time lent many of its words to our language.
  4. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
  5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
  6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan
  7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.
93
Q

This was the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography.

A

ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE).

94
Q

Ang Doctrina Cristiana was written by Fr. _________ and ___________, in Tagalog and Spanish.

A

Fr. Juan de Placencia, Fr. Domingo Nieva

95
Q

The second book printed in
the Philippines

A

Nuestra Señora del Rosario

96
Q

Nuestra Señora del Rosario was written by ______ in ____ (year)

A

Fr. Blancas de San Jose, 1602

97
Q

the second book printed at the UST Printing Press with the help
of_______, a Chinese
mestizo.

A

Juan de Vera

98
Q

It contains the
biographies of saints,
novenas, and questions and
answers on religion.

A

Nuestra Señora del Rosario.

99
Q

This is the first book printed in
typography.

A

Libro de los Cuatro
Postprimeras de Hombre (in
Spanish and Tagalog).

100
Q

This is the book about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ. It is read only during Lent.

A

The Pasion

101
Q

In The Pasion there were __ versions of this in Tagalog and each version is according to the name of the writer.

A

4

102
Q

What are the 4 versions of Pasion?

A
  1. Pilapil version (Mariano Pilapil ng Bulacan)
  2. de Belen version (Gaspar Aquino de Belen)
  3. de la Merced (Aniceto de la Merced of Norzagaray, Bulacan)
  4. de Guia version (Luis de Guia)
103
Q

A book by Modesto de Castro,
the so called ___________ in Tagalog.

A

Father of Classic Prose

104
Q

These are letters between two sisters Urbana at Felisa and have
influenced greatly the behavior of people in society because the
letters dealt with good behavior.

A

urbana at feliza

105
Q

sagisag ng Urbanidad o kabutihang asal (good manners)

A

Urbana

106
Q

galing sa Kastilang “feliz” (maligaya) at ang sagisag ay ang kaligayahang natatamo dahil sa pagpapakabuti at pagkamasunurin

A

Feliza

107
Q

A collection of songs praising the Virgin Mary.

A

Ang mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary)

108
Q

________, a Filipino priest, wrote this in 1865 and it was popular especially during the Maytime “Flores de Mayo” festival.

A

Fr. Mariano Sevilla

109
Q

Fr. Mariano Sevilla, a Filipino priest, wrote this in 1865 and it was popular especially during the May time ______ festival.

A

Flores de Mayo

110
Q

This is a Biblical story
printed in the Philippines
and translated to Tagalog
from Greek by Fr.
Antonio de Borja.

A

Ang Barlaan at Josaphat

111
Q

It is believed to be the first Tagalog novel published in the Philippines even if it is only a translation.

A

Ang Barlaan at Josaphat

112
Q

Written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose and translated to Tagalog by Tomas Pinpin in 1610

A

Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala
(Art and rules of the Tagalog
language).

113
Q

Written by Fr. Gaspar de San
Agustin in 1703

A

Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog language).

114
Q

The first tagalog dictionary written by Fr. Pedro de San Buenaventura in 1613

A

Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog vocabulary)

115
Q

The first book in Pampanga written by Fr. Diego in 1732.

A

Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampanga
vocabulary).

116
Q

The best language book in Visayan by Mateo Sanchez in 1711

A

Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan vocabulary).

117
Q

The first Ilocano grammar book by Francisco Lopez.

A

Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano language).

118
Q

The first book in the Bicol language and written by Fr. Marcos Lisbon in 1754.

A

Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol language)

119
Q

______ became widespread in the
Philippines. Each region had its national song from the lowlands to the mountains of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao

A

Folk songs

120
Q

truly manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos’ innate appreciation for and love of beauty

A

Folk songs

121
Q

examples of folk songs

A

Leron-Leron Sinta (Tagalog)
Pamulinawen (Ilokano)
Dandansoy (Visayan)
Sarong Banggi (Bicol)
Atin Cu Pung Singsing (Pampanga)

122
Q

There are many ________ performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all of them were in poetic form.

A

recreational plays

123
Q

the word _____ means to
excavate. This ritual
was brought here by the
Spaniard to remind the
people about the search
of St. Helena for the
Cross on which Jesus
died.

A

Tibag

124
Q

this is a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon during Maytime to get together

A

Lagaylay

125
Q

As early as April, the participating
ladies are chosen and sometimes, mothers volunteer their girls in order to fulfill a vow made during an illness or for a favor received

A

Lagaylay

126
Q

this is a dramatic performance
to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ.

A

The Cenaculo

127
Q

two kinds of Cenaculo

A

Hablada and Cantada

128
Q

the lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner showing the rhythmic measure of each verse and the rhyming in each stanza
and is more dignified in theme

A

Hablada

129
Q

is chanted like the Pasion.

A

Cantada

130
Q

written in octosyllabic verse, with 8 verses to the stanza

A

The Cenaculo

131
Q

The take Cenaculo is written octosyllabic verse, with 8 to the stanza. The full length versions
about ___ nights of staging. Performers come in costumes
with wigs and performers are carefully chosen for their virtuous life.

A

3

132
Q

Many famous Cenaculo
players come from the Tagalog
regions although there are also
those from ___________

A

Ilocos, Pampanga,
Bicol and both Sibulanon and
Hiligaynon

133
Q

this presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a drama presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus.

A

panunuluyan

134
Q

an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. It is still presented in many Philippine towns.

A

The Salubong or Panubong

135
Q

this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a
moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.

A

Carillo (Shadow Play)

136
Q

projecting cardboard figures before a lamp against a white sheet. The figures are moved like marionettes whose dialogues are
produced experts.

A

Carillo (Shadow Play)

137
Q

The dialogues are drawn
from a _________ or some religious play
interspersed with songs.

A

Corrido or Awit

138
Q

considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political problem

A

The Zarzuela

139
Q

this was a short musical comedy popular during the 18th century. They were exaggerated comedies and were taken from everyday life scenarios.

A

The Sainete

140
Q

This is performed town fiestas to
entertain the people and to remind them of their Christian religion.

A

The Moro-Moro

141
Q

The plot is usually the same that of a Christian princess or a nobleman’s daughter who is captured by the Mohammedans.

A

The Moro-Moro

142
Q

The father organizes a rescue party where fighting between the Moros and the Christians ensue

A

The Moro-Moro

143
Q

This is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a person.

A

Karagatan

144
Q

based on a legend about a princess who dropped her ring into the middle of the sea and who offered her hand in marriage to anyone who can retrieve it

A

Karagatan

145
Q

The ____ replace the Karagatan. This is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. The roles are taken from the Bible and from proverbs and saying. It is usually played during wakes for the dead

A

Duplo

146
Q

This is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue.

A

The Balagtasan

147
Q

This is replaced the DUPLO and is held to honor Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar.

A

The Balagtasan

148
Q

This is a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative beside the corpse of the dead.

A

The Dung-aw

149
Q

Some use these two interchangeably because distinction is not clear

A

The Awit and the Corrido

1st Quarter lessons (8 decks)

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