UCS Flashcards
Lateral masses of the atlas connect which two arches?
Anterior and posterior
At the A-A joint, what are the two articulating joints?
Median atlantoaxial joint of C1 + dens of C2
Lateral atlantoaxial joints of superior and inferior facets
Transverse ligament stabilizes what structure against the atlas?
Dens
What motions does the transverse ligament of the median joint control?
Anterior and Posterior
How do the alar ligaments attach?
Axis (C2) to occiput, dens to foramen magnum
What motions do the alar ligaments resist?
flexion, contralateral SB and rotation
How is the atlas attached to occiput?
ALL to AAO membrane
Ligament Flavum to PAO
How is the axis attached to the occiput?
PLL to tectorial membrane
List the posterior craniocervical muscles
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Superior Oblique
Inferior Oblique
Attachment of RCP Major
C2 spinous process to lateral aspect of nuchal line
Motions controlled RCP Major
EXT, ipsilat SB + ROT
Attachment of RCP Minor
C1 to medial aspect of nuchal line
Attachment of Superior Oblique
C1 transverse process to lateral aspect of nuchal line
Motions controlled by Superior Oblique
EXT, ipsilat SB + ROT
Motions controlled by RCP minor
EXT
Attachments of Inferior Oblique
C2 spinous process to C1 transverse process
List the anterior craniocervical muscles
Rectus Capitis Anterior
Rectus Capitis Lateralis
Attachments of Rectus Capitis Anterior
Lateral mass of C1 to base of occiput
Motions controlled by Rectus Capitis Anterior
Flex
Attachments of Rectus Capitis Lateralis
C1 transverse process to jugular process
Motions controlled by Rectus Capitis Lateralis
Ispilat SB
What anterior muscle controls segmentally and eccentrically?
Longus colli
What anterior muscle is important for neck and postural control?
Longus colli
Longus colli is inhibited in response to _____?
Pain
Longus colli is injured during?
MVA
Cervical spine have an [increased or decreased] density of muscle spindles
Increased
Cervical spine muscles are important for ________ of head position on neck
proprioception
What structures do the dorsal and ventral rami of C1-3 innervate?
Muscles, OA, AA, C2-3 Z joints, ligaments, vertebral arteries
Osteokinematics of OA joint
Flex/Ext
Osteokinematics of AA joint
Rot
Arthrokinematics: Flex - OA
Occipital condyles glide posteriorly on atlas (convex on concave)
Arthrokinematics: Flex - AA
C1 moves inferiorly on C2
C2 glides fwd on C3
Arthrokinematics: Ext - OA
Occipital condyles glide anteriorly on atlas (convex on concave)
Arthrokinematics: Ext - AA
C1 moves superiorly on C2, C2 glides backward on C3
Arthrokinematics: SB - OA
Ipsilateral condyle glides anteriorly
Arthrokinematics: ROT - OA
Ipsilateral condyle glide posteriorly
Arthrokinematics: ROT - AA
Ipsilateral facet moves posteriorly
Contralateral facet moves anteriorly
Atlas translates to opposite sides
Coupled Motions
SB and Rot = Opposite directions
Causes of injury to vertebral artery
MVA (ext)
trauma (osteophytic/disc compression, stretching, kinking)
cervical instability and fractures
manipulation or sudden neck movements
disease
Motions that occlude contralateral vertebral artery
Rot
Rot + Ext
Rot + Ext + Traction
5 D’s
Drop attack
Dizziness
Dipoplia
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
3 N’s
Nausea
Numbness
Nystagmus
