Spine

Question 1

What anatomical structure bridges the superior and inferior articular processes?

Answer 1

Pars Interarticularis

Question 2

What anatomical structure is important for load bearing?

Answer 2

Pars Interarticularis

Question 3

Which spinal ligament prevents overextension?

Answer 3

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 4

Which spinal ligament stabilizes the vertebral body and prevents posterior disc protrusions?

Answer 4

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 5

What nerve innervates the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 5

Recurrent sinuvertetebral nerve

Question 6

What structure resists laminae separation during flexion?

Answer 6

Ligamentum Flavum

Question 7

If degenerated, which structure can compress the nerve roots?

Answer 7

Ligamentum Flavum

Question 8

Which ligament is for segmental stability?

Answer 8

Interspinous ligament

Question 9

Which ligament is most superficial and at risk for sprains?

Answer 9

Supraspinous ligament

Question 10

Biomechanics: Flexion

Answer 10

Facets glide SUP + ANT
ANT sagittal rotation and translation
OPENS foramen

Question 11

Biomechanics: Extension

Answer 11

Facets glide POST + INF
POST sagittal rotation
minimal POST translation
CLOSES facets
NARROWS foramen

Question 12

Biomechanics: Rotation

Answer 12

Ipsilateral facets = OPEN
Contralateral facet = CLOSES

Question 13

Biomechanics: Side Flexion

Answer 13

Ipsilateral Z-joints = glide INF, closes
Contralateral Z-joints = glide SUP, opens