Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Diagnostic Medicine > UA/POC > Flashcards

UA/POC Flashcards

1
Q

components of UA

A

color, clarity, odor
testing pH, glucose, protein, blood, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, specific gravity
cells, crystals, casts, bacteria, yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

types of UA

A

midstream clean catch (routine)
catheterized (sterile)
24 hour (assess kidney function + protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

“clean catch” for

A

suspected infections-
wipe front to back, side to side, new wipe to clean midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dirty and clean

A

first sample w/o cleaning, second w/ cleaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cr range

A

.6-.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

AST/SGOT range

A

10-30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ALT/SPGT

A

10-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Na

A

135-145

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

WBC

A

4.5-11x10^3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

K

A

3.5-5.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

total bili

A

.2-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HDL

A

> 45m, >55f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

normal pH range

A

4.5-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

acidic urine can be seen in

A

starvation, dehydration, metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

alkaline urine can be seen in

A

UTIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

specific gravity measures

A

urine conc
1.005-1.030
low=kidney disease/overhydration
high=dehydration, glucose, protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

normal nitrite

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are we testing for with nitrite

A

bacteuria, bacteria in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

positive nitrite but negative leukocytes

A

look for STD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

indicator for UTI

A

leukocyte esterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

negative result of leukocytes does NOT rule out significant

A

bacteriuria, esp end of day after many urinations
mild positive can be from improper technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can glucose in the urine indicate?

A

DM, stress, renal tubular dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what can protein in the urine indicate?

A

kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What can ketones in the urine indicate?

A

DKA, starvation, high protein diet
trace = 5
small = 15
moderate = 40
large = 80-160

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

blood in urine can mean

A

hematuria (UTI, stones, trauma) or hemoglobinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

bilirubin in urine means

A

liver dysfunction or bile duct obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

increased urobilinogen in urine means

A

liver disease, hemolysis, intestinal issues

28
Q

what can more than >0-5 RBCs in urine mean?

A

hematuria, glomerulonephritis, trauma, stones

29
Q

What can more than 0-5 WBCs in urine mean?

A

infections

30
Q

what can epithelial cells in urine mean?

A

contamination or kidney injury

31
Q

types of casts in urine

A

hyaline
RBC
WBC
granular
help diagnose glomerular or tubular disease!

32
Q

RBC cast

A

glomerulonephritis, vasculitis

33
Q

WBC cast

A

pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis

34
Q

granular cast

A

CKD, acute tubular necrosis

35
Q

common crystals in urine

A

clacium oxalate (also kidney stones), uric acid (gout and dehydration), struvite (UTIs), cystine (cystineuria)

36
Q

crystals can indicate

37
Q

If a patient has a UTI, they will have

A

leukocyte esterase, nitrites, WBCs, bacteria

38
Q

If a patient has DM, they will have

A

glucosuria, ketonuria

39
Q

If a patient has CKD, they will have

A

proteinuria, casts, decreased specific gravity

40
Q

If a patient has nephrotic syndrome, they will have

A

massive proteinuria, lipiduria, fatty casts

41
Q

If a patient has suspected renal calculus

42
Q

false pos/neg can be from

A

improper collection, contamination, storage, or interference from medications, diet, or dyes

often need other tests!

43
Q

POC tests are

A

tests performed at/near site of patient care (no need for lab)
- fast
- bedside
- easy
- compact

44
Q

PPM is

A

use of microscope by healthcare provider to examine patient specimens at POC

45
Q

all patient specimens are considered

A

infectious

46
Q

POC tests like

A

blood glucose
rapid strep, flu, COVID
pregnancy
ABG
hemoglobin A1C

47
Q

PPM tests like

A

urinalysis
wet mount for vaginal infections
skin scrapings
sputum smear
peripheral blood smears

48
Q

plain red top

A

no anticoags or preservatives. for serum chemistry and serology tests

49
Q

red gold top

A

serum chemistry, has gel material that separate serum + clot

50
Q

green top

A

contains heparin, used for plasma chemistry tests + chromosome analysis

51
Q

lavendar top and pink top

A

contain potassium EDTA, used for hematological tests and CBC

52
Q

blue top

A

contains sodium citrate for coagulation studies (drawn first)

53
Q

yellow top

A

contains acid cirate dextrose ACD, for flow cytometry and HLA typing

54
Q

when you test ascitic fluids, you are looking at

A

cell count
differential
protein
amylase
gram stain
culture
cytology

55
Q

when you test CSF, you are looking at

A

cell count
differential
gram stain
culture
protein
glucose
LDH
VRDL
cytology

56
Q

When you test pleural fluid, youre looking at

A

cell count, differential, protein, amylase, gram stain, culture, cytology

57
Q

when you test synovial fluid, you analyze

A

cell count, differential, gram stain, culture, microscopic exam of crystals, cytology

58
Q

when you test urine you look at

A

urinalysis, dipstick, microscopy, gram stain, culture, cytology

59
Q

motile trichomonads, clue cells

A

bacterial vaginosis

60
Q

budding yeasts mean

A

yeast infection!

61
Q

needle-shaped, negatively birefringent urate crystals

62
Q

rhomboidal, positively birefringent calcium pyrophosphate crystals

A

pseudogout

63
Q

fern test can detect

A

leakage of amniotic fluid during pregnancy
- vaginal swab
examine under microscope

64
Q

pin work tape test

A

look for eggs or worms - oval, elongated, flattened, tiny, white, threadlike

65
Q

patient presents with sore throat, fever, cervical LAD

A

test: strep, flu, COVID, mono

66
Q

patient presents with dysuria

A

UA, yeast/BV eval, STD tests, glucoometer

Diagnostic Medicine (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions